Suid M H, Ahmad M A
Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Malaysia.
ISA Trans. 2022 Sep;128(Pt B):265-286. doi: 10.1016/j.isatra.2021.11.037. Epub 2021 Dec 16.
Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) is fabricated to sustain the voltage level of a synchronous generator spontaneously. Several control strategies have been introduced into the AVR system with the aim of gaining a better dynamic response. One of the most universally utilized controllers is the Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller. Despite the PID controller having a relatively high dynamic response, there are still further possibilities to improve in order to obtain more appropriate responses. This paper designed a sigmoid-based PID (SPID) controller for the AVR system in order to allow for an accelerated settling to rated voltage, as well as increasing the control accuracy. In addition, the parameters of the proposed SPID controller are obtained using an enhanced self-tuning heuristic optimization method called Nonlinear Sine Cosine Algorithm (NSCA), for achieving a better dynamic response, particularly with regards to the steady-state errors and overshoot of the system. A time-response specifications index is used to validate the proposed SPID controller. The obtained simulation results revealed that the proposed method was not only highly effective but also greatly improved the AVR system transient response in comparison to those with the modern heuristic optimization based PID controllers.
自动电压调节器（AVR）的制造目的是自发维持同步发电机的电压水平。为了获得更好的动态响应，几种控制策略已被引入到AVR系统中。比例积分微分（PID）控制器是最普遍使用的控制器之一。尽管PID控制器具有相对较高的动态响应，但仍有进一步改进的可能性，以便获得更合适的响应。本文为AVR系统设计了一种基于Sigmoid函数的PID（SPID）控制器，以实现更快地稳定到额定电压，并提高控制精度。此外，所提出的SPID控制器的参数是使用一种称为非线性正弦余弦算法（NSCA）的增强型自整定启发式优化方法获得的，以实现更好的动态响应，特别是在系统的稳态误差和超调方面。使用时间响应规范指标来验证所提出的SPID控制器。获得的仿真结果表明，与基于现代启发式优化的PID控制器相比，所提出的方法不仅非常有效，而且极大地改善了AVR系统的暂态响应。
