Parra-Peralbo Esmeralda, Talamillo Ana, Barrio Rosa
Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, European University, Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain.
Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021 Dec 21;9:786129. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.786129. eCollection 2021.
Adipose tissue is a dynamic organ, well known for its function in energy storage and mobilization according to nutrient availability and body needs, in charge of keeping the energetic balance of the organism. During the last decades, adipose tissue has emerged as the largest endocrine organ in the human body, being able to secrete hormones as well as inflammatory molecules and having an important impact in multiple processes such as adipogenesis, metabolism and chronic inflammation. However, the cellular progenitors, development, homeostasis and metabolism of the different types of adipose tissue are not fully known. During the last decade, has demonstrated to be an excellent model to tackle some of the open questions in the field of metabolism and development of endocrine/metabolic organs. Discoveries ranged from new hormones regulating obesity to subcellular mechanisms that regulate lipogenesis and lipolysis. Here, we review the available evidences on the development, types and functions of adipose tissue in and identify some gaps for future research. This may help to understand the cellular and molecular mechanism underlying the pathophysiology of this fascinating key tissue, contributing to establish this organ as a therapeutic target.
脂肪组织是一个动态器官，因其根据营养物质的可利用性和身体需求进行能量储存和动员的功能而闻名，负责维持机体的能量平衡。在过去几十年中，脂肪组织已成为人体最大的内分泌器官，能够分泌激素以及炎症分子，并对脂肪生成、代谢和慢性炎症等多个过程产生重要影响。然而，不同类型脂肪组织的细胞祖细胞、发育、稳态和代谢尚未完全明确。在过去十年中，已证明是解决内分泌/代谢器官代谢和发育领域一些未解决问题的优秀模型。发现范围从调节肥胖的新激素到调节脂肪生成和脂肪分解的亚细胞机制。在这里，我们综述了关于脂肪组织的发育、类型和功能的现有证据，并确定了未来研究的一些空白。这可能有助于理解这个迷人的关键组织病理生理学背后的细胞和分子机制，有助于将这个器官确立为治疗靶点。
