Treharne Gareth J, Riggs Damien W, Ellis Sonja J, Flett Jayde A M, Bartholomaeus Clare
Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
Int J Transgend Health. 2020 Jul 23;21(4):440-454. doi: 10.1080/26895269.2020.1795959. eCollection 2020.
Transgender people experience high rates of suicidality and self-harm. Past research has established a range of correlates of suicidality/self-harm among transgender people but little is known about whether these correlates are similar for transgender and cisgender people.
The aim of this study was to test whether a range of potential demographic and psychosocial correlates of suicidality/self-harm hold for both transgender and cisgender people living in Aotearoa/New Zealand and Australia.
An online survey was completed by 700 adults living in Aotearoa/New Zealand ( = 328) or Australia ( = 372). Targeted advertising was used to recruit transgender respondents ( = 392) and cisgender respondents ( = 308). Participants completed questions about demographics, discrimination (the Everyday Discrimination Scale), distress (the Kessler-10 scale), social support (the Multi-Dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support), resilience (the Brief Resilience Scale), suicidality (the Suicidal Ideation Attributes Scale and other questions about ideation/attempts), and self-harm (the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory).
Lifetime suicidal ideation, lifetime suicide attempts, and lifetime self-harm were more common among transgender participants. Discrimination was associated with lifetime suicide attempts and lifetime self-harm, particularly for transgender participants. Distress was consistently associated with recent suicidality and self-harm for transgender participants. Younger cisgender participants were more likely to report lifetime self-harm. Recent suicidal ideation was associated with lower social support among transgender participants but with lower resilience among cisgender participants.
These findings reaffirm and expand on past research on suicidality/self-harm among transgender or cisgender people and demonstrate the relevance of tackling discrimination and distress experienced by transgender people. In addition, the findings highlight the importance of meeting additional social support needs among transgender people to help prevent suicide and self-harm.
跨性别者有很高的自杀率和自我伤害率。过去的研究已经确定了跨性别者自杀/自我伤害的一系列相关因素，但对于这些相关因素在跨性别者和顺性别者中是否相似却知之甚少。
本研究的目的是测试一系列自杀/自我伤害的潜在人口统计学和心理社会相关因素是否适用于生活在新西兰/奥塔哥或澳大利亚的跨性别者和顺性别者。
700名生活在新西兰/奥塔哥（n = 328）或澳大利亚（n = 372）的成年人完成了一项在线调查。通过定向广告招募跨性别受访者（n = 392）和顺性别受访者（n = 308）。参与者完成了关于人口统计学、歧视（日常歧视量表）、痛苦（凯斯勒10项量表）、社会支持（多维感知社会支持量表）、心理韧性（简短心理韧性量表）、自杀倾向（自杀意念属性量表以及其他关于意念/企图的问题）和自我伤害（故意自我伤害量表）的问题。
终身自杀意念、终身自杀未遂和终身自我伤害在跨性别参与者中更为常见。歧视与终身自杀未遂和终身自我伤害有关，特别是对于跨性别参与者。痛苦一直与跨性别参与者最近的自杀倾向和自我伤害有关。较年轻的顺性别参与者更有可能报告终身自我伤害。最近的自杀意念与跨性别参与者较低的社会支持有关，但与顺性别参与者较低的心理韧性有关。
这些发现重申并扩展了过去关于跨性别者或顺性别者自杀/自我伤害的研究，并证明了解决跨性别者所经历的歧视和痛苦的相关性。此外，研究结果强调了满足跨性别者额外社会支持需求以帮助预防自杀和自我伤害的重要性。
