Medialis Ltd, 13 Horse Fair, Banbury, Oxford, OX16 0AH, UK.
Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Centre for Pharmaceutical Medicine Research, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College University, Franklin Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
Pharmaceut Med. 2022 Feb;36(1):47-57. doi: 10.1007/s40290-021-00413-9. Epub 2022 Jan 7.
A pilot study conducted in 2020 suggested that Medical Affairs Pharmaceutical Physicians (MAPPs) may be inherently undervalued within the pharmaceutical industry and vulnerable to replacement by less qualified roles. There are currently no standardized metrics to measure MAPP performance, thus it is necessary to measure the value of MAPPs to employers and clarify the need for their specific skills.
The first aim of this study was to identify a list of indicators to produce an MAPP value measurement tool, and the second aim was to determine its discriminant validity by showing that the 'MAPPval instrument' differentiated the MAPP role from other internal stakeholders (regulatory affairs, market access, commercial, and patient advocacy) in terms of accountability for pharmaceutical company activities and level of engagement with external stakeholders.
MAPPs were recruited using convenience sampling via professional networks and completed a qualitative online survey to identify a list of key role indicators using a consensus method known as the Jandhyala method. Responses were coded and scored, and aggregated responses were presented to participants in a Consensus Round. Participants rated their agreement with each item on a 5-point Likert scale, from strongly agree to strongly disagree. Indicators that reached a consensus index of > 50% (CI ≥ 0.51) were retained in the final MAPP performance instrument. Participants' retrospectively self-reported professional activities over a period of 12 months were used to validate the measure. A two-proportion z-test and Mann-Whitney tests were used to determine discriminant validity by showing whether the value of the MAPP role as defined by the instrument was significantly different from that of other internal stakeholders in terms of their accountability for and external stakeholder benefit from each MAPP activity.
In total, 11 MAPPs participated in the Jandhyala method, which generated 22 unique MAPP value indicators. Payor-targeted activities and journal publications had the two highest awareness indexes (1.00 and 0.98, respectively). The retrospective study confirmed the MAPPval instrument's validity. MAPPs were the only internal stakeholder classified as accountable for at least one activity that benefited all four stakeholders. They were classified as accountable for activities that influenced significantly more external stakeholders than other internal stakeholders, even when activities influenced fewer than four external stakeholders. MAPPs were also accountable for significantly more activities recorded over the 12-month period than regulatory affairs, market access, commercial, and patient advocacy.
This study generated and validated the first measure of MAPP value to pharmaceutical companies. MAPPs have unique value to pharmaceutical companies compared with other roles in terms of their accountability for activities that influence regulators, payors, prescribers, and patients. Through their accountability for pharmaceutical company activities and influence of external stakeholders, MAPPs play a key role in medicine adoption.
2020 年进行的一项试点研究表明，医学事务制药医师（MAPP）在制药行业内可能被低估，并且容易被资格较低的角色所取代。目前没有衡量 MAPP 绩效的标准化指标，因此有必要衡量 MAPP 对雇主的价值，并明确他们特定技能的需求。
本研究的首要目标是确定一系列指标，以制定 MAPP 价值衡量工具，其次是通过表明“MAPPval 工具”在对制药公司活动的问责制和与外部利益相关者的互动程度方面，能够将 MAPP 角色与其他内部利益相关者（监管事务、市场准入、商业和患者宣传）区分开来，从而确定其判别有效性。
通过专业网络，采用便利抽样法招募 MAPP，并通过共识方法（即 Jandhyala 方法）完成在线定性调查，以确定一系列关键角色指标。使用共识方法对回复进行编码和评分，并在共识轮中向参与者展示聚合回复。参与者使用 5 分李克特量表对每个项目的同意程度进行评分，从非常同意到非常不同意。达到共识指数>50%（CI≥0.51）的指标被保留在最终的 MAPP 绩效工具中。参与者在过去 12 个月内回顾性地报告专业活动，以验证该衡量标准。使用两比例 z 检验和曼-惠特尼检验来确定判别有效性，通过表明仪器定义的 MAPP 角色的价值与其他内部利益相关者在对每项 MAPP 活动的问责制和外部利益相关者的受益方面是否存在显著差异来证明这一点。
共有 11 名 MAPP 参与了 Jandhyala 方法，生成了 22 个独特的 MAPP 价值指标。针对支付方的目标活动和期刊出版物的意识指数最高（分别为 1.00 和 0.98）。回顾性研究证实了 MAPPval 工具的有效性。MAPP 是唯一被归类为对至少一项对所有四个利益相关者都有益的活动负责的内部利益相关者。他们被归类为对影响监管机构、支付方、处方医生和患者的活动负责，比其他内部利益相关者负责的活动影响更多的外部利益相关者，即使这些活动影响的外部利益相关者少于四个。MAPP 还负责记录的活动明显多于监管事务、市场准入、商业和患者宣传在过去 12 个月内记录的活动。
本研究生成并验证了第一个衡量制药公司 MAPP 价值的工具。与其他角色相比，MAPP 对制药公司具有独特的价值，因为他们对影响监管机构、支付方、处方医生和患者的活动负责。通过对制药公司活动的问责制和对外部利益相关者的影响，MAPP 在药物采用中发挥着关键作用。
