TECNODEF Research Group, Faculty of Education, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR), Logroño (La Rioja),Spain.
Laboratory of Vulnerabilities and Innovation in Sport (EA 7428), Interdisciplinary Research Confederation in Sport (FED 4272), University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne,France.
J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2022 Apr 1;44(2):94-102. doi: 10.1123/jsep.2021-0071. Epub 2022 Jan 7.
The study aimed to identify coach behavior profiles and explore whether athletes from distinct profiles significantly differed on coping and affects experienced within 2 hr before the competition and during the competition (measuring them 2 hr after the competition). A sample of 306 French athletes (Mage = 22.24; SD = 4.91; 194 men and 112 women) participated in the study. The results revealed the emergence of two profiles: (a) a coaching engaged profile that stands out for moderate physical training and planning, technical skills, mental preparation, goal setting, competition strategies, personal rapport, and moderate negative personal rapport; and (b) a less engaged coaching profile with low physical training and planning, technical skills, mental preparation, goal setting, competition strategies, personal rapport, and moderate negative personal rapport. Memberships of coach behavior profiles were not confounded by athletes' practice experience, athlete's gender, and coach experience. Results of latent profile analyses with Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem method (BCH) method revealed that coping and affective states significantly differed across the coach behavior profiles. As a whole, the less engaged coaching profile engenders the worst outcomes in competition. In conclusion, the detection of less adaptive coaching profiles would be crucial to prevent negative outcomes in athletes during the competition. This might be using intervention programs adapted to the peculiarities of athletes from a particular coach behavior profiles.
本研究旨在确定教练行为特征，并探讨不同特征的运动员在比赛前 2 小时和比赛期间（在比赛结束后 2 小时测量）经历的应对策略和情绪是否存在显著差异。共有 306 名法国运动员（平均年龄=22.24；标准差=4.91；194 名男性和 112 名女性）参与了研究。结果显示，有两种教练行为特征：（a）积极投入型，其特点是中等强度的体能训练和计划、技术技能、心理准备、目标设定、比赛策略、个人关系和适度的负面个人关系；（b）参与度较低的教练行为特征，其特点是体能训练和计划、技术技能、心理准备、目标设定、比赛策略、个人关系和适度的负面个人关系都较差。教练行为特征的成员身份不受运动员的练习经验、性别和教练经验的影响。使用 Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem 方法（BCH）的潜在特征分析结果表明，应对策略和情绪状态在教练行为特征之间存在显著差异。总的来说，参与度较低的教练行为特征会在比赛中产生最差的结果。总之，检测到适应性较差的教练行为特征对于防止运动员在比赛中出现负面结果至关重要。这可能需要使用针对特定教练行为特征的运动员特点而设计的干预计划。
