Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, 1 Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow, G12 8RZ, UK.
Sci Rep. 2022 Jan 7;12(1):81. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-03883-8.
The graded association between family socioeconomic status (SES) and physical fitness is evident, but little is known about the mechanism underlying this association. This study investigated the role of early-life activities as mediators of the longitudinal relationship between early-life SES and health-related physical fitness in 168 adolescents (51.2% boys; final mean age: 12.4 years old). In Wave 1 (2011-12), their parents completed questionnaires about family socioeconomic status (SES), parent-child activities, and child screen time. In Wave 2 (2014-15), participants' physical activity levels were assessed through parent proxy-reports. In Wave 3 (2018-19), a direct assessment of handgrip strength, standing long-jump, and 6-min walk test (6MWT) performance was conducted. After controlling for demographic factors, results of mediation analyses revealed that (a) Wave 1 SES predicted Wave 3 long-jump and 6MWT performance; (b) child physical activity level in Wave 2 mediated the relation between Wave 1 SES and standing long-jump performance in Wave 3; and (c) recreational parent-child activities and child screen time in wave 1 mediated the relation between Wave 1 SES and 6MWT performance in Wave 3. Our findings suggest that the type and frequency of early-life activities play a role in the graded association between childhood SES and physical fitness in adolescence.
家庭社会经济地位（SES）与身体健康之间存在明显的梯度关联，但对于这种关联的内在机制知之甚少。本研究旨在探讨早期生活活动在早期生活 SES 与青少年健康相关身体素质之间的纵向关系中的中介作用，共纳入 168 名青少年（51.2%为男性；最终平均年龄为 12.4 岁）。在第 1 波（2011-12 年），他们的父母完成了有关家庭社会经济地位（SES）、亲子活动和儿童屏幕时间的问卷。在第 2 波（2014-15 年），通过家长代理报告评估参与者的身体活动水平。在第 3 波（2018-19 年），直接评估了握力、立定跳远和 6 分钟步行测试（6MWT）的表现。在控制人口统计学因素后，中介分析的结果表明：（a）第 1 波 SES 预测了第 3 波跳远和 6MWT 表现；（b）第 2 波儿童身体活动水平中介了第 1 波 SES 与第 3 波立定跳远表现之间的关系；（c）第 1 波的娱乐性亲子活动和儿童屏幕时间中介了第 1 波 SES 与第 3 波 6MWT 表现之间的关系。我们的研究结果表明，早期生活活动的类型和频率在儿童 SES 与青少年身体素质之间的梯度关联中发挥作用。
