Schott Nadja, Mündörfer Andi, Holfelder Benjamin
Department of Psychology and Human Movement Sciences, Institute for Sport and Movement Science, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
Amt für Sport und Bewegung, Bewegungsförderung und Sportentwicklung, 70161 Stuttgart, Germany.
Children (Basel). 2023 Aug 1;10(8):1332. doi: 10.3390/children10081332.
Numerous studies have examined the role of socio-economic status on physical activity, obesity, and cognitive performance in youth or older adults, but few studies have examined the role of neighborhood socio-economic status (NSES) on motor or cognitive performance in kindergarten children. This study aimed to examine whether lower NSES (measured by the social data atlas) was associated with lower motor and inhibitory control performance in kindergarten children. One hundred twenty-nine preschoolers were recruited from eight kindergartens in low and high NSES areas in Stuttgart, one of Germany's largest metropolitan areas. Motor functioning (Movement Assessment Battery for Children, MABC-2; Manual Dexterity, Aiming and Catching, and Balance) and inhibitory control (Flanker Task, Go/NoGo Task) were assessed in a sample of 3- to 6-year-old children within a cross-sectional study. Children from a low NSES background showed the expected difficulties in inhibitory control and motor performance, as indicated by poorer performance than children from a high NSES background. Sex-specific analysis revealed girls from low NSES areas to have the lowest fine motor control; children with low NSES reach a Developmental Coordination Disorder at-risk status of 13% (boys and girls), in contrast to children with high SES (boys 9.1%, girls 0.0%). Motor performance and inhibitory control correlated positively with regard to the group from a low NSES background. Researchers and practitioners are advised to develop a more nuanced picture of motor and academic achievement in heterogeneous neighborhoods when designing early intervention programs, particularly with regard to sex differences, with the most significant disadvantage to girls with lower NSES.
众多研究探讨了社会经济地位在青少年或老年人身体活动、肥胖及认知表现方面的作用，但很少有研究考察邻里社会经济地位（NSES）对幼儿园儿童运动或认知表现的作用。本研究旨在探讨较低的NSES（通过社会数据地图集衡量）是否与幼儿园儿童较低的运动和抑制控制表现相关。从德国最大都市之一斯图加特的低NSES和高NSES地区的八所幼儿园招募了129名学龄前儿童。在一项横断面研究中，对3至6岁儿童样本进行了运动功能（儿童运动评估量表第二版，MABC - 2；手部灵巧性、瞄准和接球以及平衡）和抑制控制（侧翼任务、Go/NoGo任务）评估。低NSES背景的儿童在抑制控制和运动表现方面出现了预期的困难，表现比高NSES背景的儿童差。性别特异性分析显示，低NSES地区的女孩精细运动控制能力最低；低NSES儿童达到发育协调障碍风险状态的比例为13%（男孩和女孩），相比之下，高社会经济地位（SES）儿童中男孩为9.1%，女孩为0.0%。低NSES背景组的运动表现和抑制控制呈正相关。建议研究人员和从业者在设计早期干预项目时，尤其是考虑到性别差异（对低NSES女孩最为不利），对异质性社区的运动和学业成就形成更细致入微的认识。
