Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (P.V.).
Departments of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis, Sacramento (C.D.).
Stroke. 2022 Feb;53(2):416-426. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.032611. Epub 2022 Jan 10.
Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) manifests through a broad spectrum of mechanisms that negatively impact brain and cognitive health. Oftentimes, CVD changes (excluding acute stroke) are insufficiently considered in aging and dementia studies which can lead to an incomplete picture of the etiologies contributing to the burden of cognitive impairment. Our goal with this focused review is 3-fold. First, we provide a research update on the current magnetic resonance imaging methods that can measure CVD lesions as well as early CVD-related brain injury specifically related to small vessel disease. Second, we discuss the clinical implications and relevance of these CVD imaging markers for cognitive decline, incident dementia, and disease progression in Alzheimer disease, and Alzheimer-related dementias. Finally, we present our perspective on the outlook and challenges that remain in the field. With the increased research interest in this area, we believe that reliable CVD imaging biomarkers for aging and dementia studies are on the horizon.
脑血管疾病（CVD）通过多种机制表现出来，这些机制会对大脑和认知健康产生负面影响。在衰老和痴呆研究中，经常会忽略除急性中风以外的 CVD 变化，这可能导致对导致认知障碍负担的病因的描述不完整。我们本次重点综述有三个目标。首先，我们提供了当前磁共振成像方法的研究更新，这些方法可以测量 CVD 病变以及与小血管疾病特别相关的早期 CVD 相关脑损伤。其次，我们讨论了这些 CVD 成像标志物对认知能力下降、痴呆发生和阿尔茨海默病及相关痴呆疾病进展的临床意义和相关性。最后，我们介绍了我们对该领域前景和挑战的看法。随着该领域研究兴趣的增加，我们相信可靠的用于衰老和痴呆研究的 CVD 成像生物标志物即将出现。
