Centre of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Front Immunol. 2021 Dec 23;12:786554. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.786554. eCollection 2021.
BACKGROUND: A vaccine against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with highly effective protection is urgently needed. The anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody response and duration after vaccination are crucial predictive indicators. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the response and duration for 5 subsets of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies after vaccination and their predictive value for protection. METHODS: We determined the response and duration for 5 subsets of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (neutralizing antibody, anti-RBD total antibody, anti-Spike IgG, anti-Spike IgM, and anti-Spike IgA) in 61 volunteers within 160 days after the CoronaVac vaccine. A logistic regression model was used to determine the predictors of the persistence of neutralizing antibody persistence. RESULTS: The seropositivity rates of neutralizing antibody, anti-RBD total antibody, anti-Spike IgG, anti-Spike IgM, and anti-Spike IgA were only 4.92%, 27.87%, 21.31%, 3.28% and 0.00%, respectively, at the end of the first dose (28 days). After the second dose, the seropositivity rates reached peaks of 95.08%, 100.00%, 100.00%, 59.02% and 31.15% in two weeks (42 days). Their decay was obvious and the seropositivity rate remained at 19.67%, 54.10%, 50.82%, 3.28% and 0.00% on day 160, respectively. The level of neutralizing antibody reached a peak of 149.40 (101.00-244.60) IU/mL two weeks after the second dose (42 days) and dropped to 14.23 (7.62-30.73) IU/mL at 160 days, with a half-life of 35.61(95% CI, 32.68 to 39.12) days. Younger participants (≤31 years) had 6.179 times more persistent neutralizing antibodies than older participants (>31 years) (<0.05). Participants with anti-Spike IgA seropositivity had 4.314 times greater persistence of neutralizing antibodies than participants without anti-Spike IgA seroconversion (<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Antibody response for the CoronaVac vaccine was intense and comprehensive with 95.08% neutralizing seropositivity rate, while decay was also obvious after 160 days. Therefore, booster doses should be considered in the vaccine strategies.
背景：急需一种具有高度保护作用的针对 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的疫苗。接种疫苗后抗严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）的抗体反应和持续时间是至关重要的预测指标。 目的：评估接种疫苗后 5 种 SARS-CoV-2 抗体亚群的反应和持续时间及其对保护的预测价值。 方法：我们在 CoronaVac 疫苗接种后 160 天内，确定了 61 名志愿者中 5 种 SARS-CoV-2 抗体亚群（中和抗体、抗 RBD 总抗体、抗刺突 IgG、抗刺突 IgM 和抗刺突 IgA）的反应和持续时间。使用逻辑回归模型确定中和抗体持续存在的预测因子。 结果：第一剂（28 天）结束时，中和抗体、抗 RBD 总抗体、抗刺突 IgG、抗刺突 IgM 和抗刺突 IgA 的血清阳性率分别仅为 4.92%、27.87%、21.31%、3.28%和 0.00%。第二剂后两周内，血清阳性率达到 95.08%、100.00%、100.00%、59.02%和 31.15%的峰值。它们的衰减很明显，第 160 天血清阳性率分别为 19.67%、54.10%、50.82%、3.28%和 0.00%。中和抗体水平在第二剂后两周（42 天）达到峰值 149.40（101.00-244.60）IU/ml，第 160 天下降至 14.23（7.62-30.73）IU/ml，半衰期为 35.61（95%CI，32.68-39.12）天。年轻参与者（≤31 岁）的中和抗体持续存在的可能性是年龄较大参与者（>31 岁）的 6.179 倍（<0.05）。具有抗刺突 IgA 血清阳性的参与者的中和抗体持续存在的可能性是没有抗刺突 IgA 血清转换的参与者的 4.314 倍（<0.05）。 结论：CoronaVac 疫苗的抗体反应强烈且全面，中和血清阳性率为 95.08%，但 160 天后衰减也很明显。因此，疫苗策略中应考虑加强针。
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