Deng Yao, Huang Liting, Liu Peixin, Geng Xuyang, Lin Zefang, Zheng Zhixiong, Zhan Meixiao, Zhang Zhiren, Liu Junwei, Sun Taoping
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, China.
Department of Orthopedic, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, China.
Front Nutr. 2023 May 16;10:1167920. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1167920. eCollection 2023.
Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, and E) are essential for the proper functioning of the immune system and are of central importance for infection risk in humans. Vitamins A, D, and E have been reported to be associated with the immune response following vaccination; however, their effects on the immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination remain unknown.
We measured the neutralizing antibody titers against wild type and omicron within 98 days after the third homologous boosting shot of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (BBIBP-CorV or CoronaVac) in 141 healthy adults in a prospective, open-label study. High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy was used to determine the concentrations of plasma vitamins A, D, and E.
We found that the anti-wide-type virus and anti-omicron variant antibody levels significantly increased compared with baseline antibody levels (P < 0.001) after the third vaccination. 25(OH)D was significantly negatively associated with the baseline anti-wide-type virus antibody concentrations [beta (95% CI) = -0.331 (-0.659 ~ -0.003)] after adjusting for covariates. A potentially similar association was also observed on day 98 after the third vaccination [beta (95% CI) = -0.317 (-0.641 ~ 0.007)]. After adjusting for covariates, we also found that 25(OH)D was significantly negatively associated with the seropositivity of the anti-omicron variant antibody at day 98 after the third vaccination [OR (95% CI) = 0.940 (0.883 ~ 0.996)]. The association between plasma 25(OH)D with anti-wild-type virus antibody levels and seropositivity of anti-omicron variant antibodies were persistent in subgroup analyses. We observed no association between retinol/α-tocopherol and anti-wide-type virus antibody levels or anti-omicron variant antibody seropositive in our study.
The third inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination significantly improved the ability of anti-SARS-CoV-2 infection in the human body. Higher vitamin D concentrations could significantly decrease the anti-wide-type virus-neutralizing antibody titers and anti-omicron variant antibody seropositive rate after the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in people with adequate levels of vitamin D, better immune status, and stronger immune response; further studies comprising large cohorts of patients with different nutritional status are warranted to verify our results.
脂溶性维生素（A、D和E）对于免疫系统的正常运作至关重要，对人类感染风险具有核心意义。据报道，维生素A、D和E与疫苗接种后的免疫反应有关；然而，它们对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）疫苗接种免疫反应的影响尚不清楚。
在一项前瞻性、开放标签研究中，我们测量了141名健康成年人在接种灭活SARS-CoV-2疫苗（BBIBP-CorV或科兴疫苗）第三次同源加强注射后98天内针对野生型和奥密克戎的中和抗体滴度。采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定血浆维生素A、D和E的浓度。
我们发现，第三次接种疫苗后，抗野生型病毒和抗奥密克戎变异株抗体水平与基线抗体水平相比显著升高（P < 0.001）。调整协变量后，25(OH)D与基线抗野生型病毒抗体浓度显著负相关[β(95%CI)= -0.331(-0.659 ~ -0.003)]。在第三次接种疫苗后98天也观察到了类似的潜在关联[β(95%CI)= -0.317(-0.641 ~ 0.007)]。调整协变量后，我们还发现，第三次接种疫苗后98天，25(OH)D与抗奥密克戎变异株抗体的血清阳性率显著负相关[OR(95%CI)= 0.940(0.883 ~ 0.996)]。在亚组分析中，血浆25(OH)D与抗野生型病毒抗体水平以及抗奥密克戎变异株抗体血清阳性率之间的关联持续存在。在我们的研究中，未观察到视黄醇/α-生育酚与抗野生型病毒抗体水平或抗奥密克戎变异株抗体血清阳性之间的关联。
第三次灭活SARS-CoV-2疫苗接种显著提高了人体抗SARS-CoV-2感染的能力。在维生素D水平充足、免疫状态较好且免疫反应较强的人群中，较高的维生素D浓度可能会显著降低灭活SARS-CoV-2疫苗接种后抗野生型病毒中和抗体滴度和抗奥密克戎变异株抗体血清阳性率；有必要开展包括不同营养状况的大量患者队列在内的进一步研究来验证我们的结果。
