Oromia Regional Health Bureau, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
J Environ Public Health. 2021 Dec 31;2021:2944158. doi: 10.1155/2021/2944158. eCollection 2021.
Health-care workers are susceptible to acquiring blood and body fluids borne infections due to their occupations involving contact with patients and their body fluids, although studies conducted in Ethiopia are scarce. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the magnitude of exposure to blood and body fluids among health-care workers in governmental health facilities in West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia.
A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 19 to June 25, 2018. A total of 381 health-care workers were selected by simple random sampling from 31 sampled governmental health facilities using proportional to size allocation. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaires, entered into Epi Info version 7, and analyzed by SPSS version 21. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) calculated for variables retained in the multivariable logistic regression and significance declared at < 0.05.
Of 377 health-care workers who participated, the study found that 233 (61.2%) were exposed to blood and body fluids in their lifetime. Previous needlestick injury (AOR = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.12-0.75), type of health facility (AOR = 0.42; 95% CI: 0.26-0.68), handwashing practice (AOR = 0.15; 95% CI: 0.07, 0.31), and perceiving at risk (AOR = 0.16; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.98) were protective factors, whereas long work experience (AOR = 1.47; 95% CI: 1.13-1.93) was a risk factor for the exposure.
Exposures to blood and body fluids during patient care were common among health-care workers in the study area. Therefore, health-care workers especially those newly hired and working in hospitals should pay due attention to their occupation's safety and regularly practice handwashing during critical times.
由于医疗保健工作者在接触患者及其体液时会接触到血液和体液，因此他们容易感染血液和体液传播的感染，尽管在埃塞俄比亚进行的研究很少。因此，本研究旨在调查西舍瓦地区政府卫生机构中卫生保健工作者接触血液和体液的程度。
这是一项 2018 年 5 月 19 日至 6 月 25 日进行的基于机构的横断面研究。从 31 个抽样政府卫生机构中，通过简单随机抽样选择了 381 名卫生保健工作者，采用按比例分配的方法进行分配。通过自我管理的问卷收集数据，输入 Epi Info 版本 7，并使用 SPSS 版本 21 进行分析。保留在多变量逻辑回归中的变量的调整比值比（AOR）和 95%置信区间（CI）进行计算，显著水平为<0.05。
在 377 名参与研究的卫生保健工作者中，发现 233 名（61.2%）在其一生中曾接触过血液和体液。既往针刺伤（AOR=0.30；95%CI：0.12-0.75）、卫生机构类型（AOR=0.42；95%CI：0.26-0.68）、洗手习惯（AOR=0.15；95%CI：0.07，0.31）和认为存在风险（AOR=0.16；95%CI：0.03，0.98）是保护因素，而较长的工作经验（AOR=1.47；95%CI：1.13-1.93）是接触的危险因素。
在该研究地区，卫生保健工作者在患者护理期间接触血液和体液的情况很常见。因此，卫生保健工作者，尤其是新雇用和在医院工作的人员，应特别注意其职业安全，并在关键时刻定期洗手。
