He Ping, Li Yunfeng, Xu Ning, Peng Cheng, Meng Fanyun
Beijing Key lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal University Beijing China.
Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Ministry of Education Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal University Beijing China.
Ecol Evol. 2021 Dec 12;11(24):17817-17834. doi: 10.1002/ece3.8340. eCollection 2021 Dec.
, an excellent tree species for sand fixation and afforestation in the desert areas of western China, is threatened by climate change and anthropogenic activities. The suitable habitat of this species is shrinking at a remarkable rate, although conservation measures have been implemented. is an entirely parasitic herb that occurs in deserts, is a source of "desert ginseng" worldwide, and has extremely high medicinal value. Little is known about using niche models to simulate habitat suitability and evaluate important environmental variables related to parasitic species. In this study, we modeled the current suitable habitat of . and . by MaxEnt based on occurrence record data of the distributions of these two species in China. We grouped . and . into three groups according to the characteristics of parasitic species and modeled them with environmental factors. The results showed that bioclimate was the most important environmental parameter affecting the . and . distribution. Precipitations, such as annual precipitation, precipitation seasonality, and precipitation in the driest quarter, were identified as the most critical parameters. The slope, diurnal temperature range, water vapor pressure, ground-frost frequency, and solar radiation also substantially contributed to the distribution of the two species. The proportions of the most suitable areas for Groups 1, 2, and 3 were 1.2%, 1.3%, and 1.7%, respectively, in China. When combined with cultural geography, five hot spot conservation areas were determined within the distribution of . and . . The comprehensive analysis indicated that by using MaxEnt to model the suitable habitat of parasitic species, we further improved the accuracy of the prediction and coupled the error of the distribution of a single species. This study provides a useful reference for the protection of . forests and the management of . plantations.
是中国西部沙漠地区固沙造林的优良树种，却受到气候变化和人类活动的威胁。尽管已实施保护措施，但该物种的适宜栖息地仍在以惊人的速度萎缩。是一种完全寄生的草本植物，生长在沙漠中，是全球“沙漠人参”的来源，具有极高的药用价值。关于利用生态位模型模拟栖息地适宜性以及评估与寄生物种相关的重要环境变量，人们了解甚少。在本研究中，我们基于这两个物种在中国分布的出现记录数据，利用MaxEnt对和的当前适宜栖息地进行了建模。我们根据寄生物种的特征将和分为三组，并与环境因素一起对它们进行建模。结果表明，生物气候是影响和分布的最重要环境参数。年降水量、降水季节性和最干旱季度降水量等降水因素被确定为最关键的参数。坡度、昼夜温差、水汽压、地面霜冻频率和太阳辐射也对这两个物种的分布有显著贡献。在中国，第1组、第2组和第3组最适宜区域的比例分别为1.2%、1.3%和1.7%。结合文化地理学，在和的分布范围内确定了五个热点保护区。综合分析表明，利用MaxEnt对寄生物种的适宜栖息地进行建模，进一步提高了预测的准确性，并耦合了单一物种分布的误差。本研究为保护森林和人工林管理提供了有益参考。
