College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China.
Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
Poult Sci. 2022 Mar;101(3):101653. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101653. Epub 2021 Dec 7.
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary creatine nitrate (CrN) on growth performance, meat quality, energy status, glycolysis, and related gene expression of liver kinase B1/AMP-activated protein kinase (LKB1/AMPK) pathway in Pectoralis major (PM) muscle of broilers. A total of 240 male Arbor Acres broilers (28-day-old) were randomly allocated to one of 5 dietary treatments: the basal diet (control group), and the basal diets supplemented with 600 mg/kg guanidinoacetic acid (GAA), 300, 600, or 900 mg/kg CrN (identified as GAA, CrN, CrN, or CrN, respectively). We found that dietary GAA and CrN supplementation for 14 d from d 28 to 42 did not affect broiler growth performance, carcass traits, and textural characteristics of breast muscle. GAA, CrN, and CrN treatments increased pH and decreased drip loss of PM muscle compared with the control (P < 0.05). The PM muscles of CrN and CrN groups showed higher glycogen concentration and lower lactic acid concentration accompanied by lower activities of phosphofructokinase (PFK), pyruvate kinase (PK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (P < 0.05). Simultaneously, GAA and all CrN treatments increased concentration of muscle creatine, phosphocreatine (PCr) and ATP, and decreased AMP concentration and AMP/ATP ratio (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the concentrations of muscle creatine, PCr, and ATP were increased linearly, while muscle AMP concentration and AMP/ATP ratio were decreased linearly and quadratic as the dose of CrN increased (P < 0.05). GAA, CrN, and CrN treatments upregulated mRNA expression of CreaT in PM muscle, and CrN and CrN treatments downregulated GAMT expression in liver and PM muscle compared with the control or GAA groups (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression of muscle LKB1, AMPKα1, and AMPKα2 was downregulated linearly in response to the increasing CrN level (P < 0.05). Overall, CrN showed better efficacy on strengthening muscle energy status and improve meat quality than GAA at the some dose. These results indicate that CrN may be a potential replacement for GAA as a new creatine supplement.
本研究旨在评估日粮硝酸肌酸（CrN）对肉鸡胸肌生长性能、肉品质、能量状态、糖酵解及肝激酶 B1/AMP 激活蛋白激酶（LKB1/AMPK）通路相关基因表达的影响。将 240 只 28 日龄雄性爱拔益加（Arbor Acres）肉鸡随机分为 5 种日粮处理组：基础日粮（对照组）和基础日粮分别添加 600mg/kg 胍基乙酸（GAA）、300、600 或 900mg/kg CrN（分别命名为 GAA、CrN、CrN 和 CrN）。结果发现，28-42 日龄连续 14d 饲粮添加 GAA 和 CrN 并不影响肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和胸肌肉质构特性。与对照组相比，GAA、CrN 和 CrN 处理组显著提高了胸肌 pH 值，降低了滴水损失（P＜0.05）。CrN 和 CrN 处理组胸肌糖原浓度升高，乳酸浓度降低，磷酸果糖激酶（PFK）、丙酮酸激酶（PK）和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性降低（P＜0.05）。同时，GAA 和 CrN 处理组提高了肌肉肌酸、磷酸肌酸（PCr）和三磷酸腺苷（ATP）浓度，降低了 AMP 浓度和 AMP/ATP 比值（P＜0.05）。此外，随着 CrN 剂量的增加，肌肉肌酸、PCr 和 ATP 浓度呈线性增加，而 AMP 浓度和 AMP/ATP 比值呈线性和二次降低（P＜0.05）。GAA、CrN 和 CrN 处理组显著上调了胸肌肌酸合成酶（CreaT）mRNA 表达，CrN 和 CrN 处理组显著下调了肝脏和胸肌甘氨酸 N-甲基转移酶（GAMT）mRNA 表达（P＜0.05）。随着 CrN 水平的增加，肌肉 LKB1、AMPKα1 和 AMPKα2 的 mRNA 表达呈线性下调（P＜0.05）。综上所述，在相同剂量下，CrN 比 GAA 更能增强肌肉能量状态，改善肉品质。这些结果表明，CrN 可能是 GAA 的一种有潜力的新型肌酸补充剂。
