Engineering Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK.
Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Dec 23;23(1):139. doi: 10.3390/ijms23010139.
Titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) is one of the most prominent biomaterials for bone contact because of its ability to bear mechanical loading and resist corrosion. The success of Ti6Al4V implants depends on bone formation on the implant surface. Hence, implant coatings which promote adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of bone-forming cells are desirable. One coating strategy is by adsorption of biomacromolecules. In this study, Ti6Al4V substrates produced by additive manufacturing (AM) were coated with whey protein isolate (WPI) fibrils, obtained at pH 2, and heparin or tinzaparin (a low molecular weight heparin LMWH) in order to improve the proliferation and differentiation of bone-forming cells. WPI fibrils proved to be an excellent support for the growth of human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC). Indeed, WPI fibrils were resistant to sterilization and were stable during storage. This WPI-heparin-enriched coating, especially the LMWH, enhanced the differentiation of hBMSC by increasing tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) activity. Finally, the coating increased the hydrophilicity of the material. The results confirmed that WPI fibrils are an excellent biomaterial which can be used for biomedical coatings, as they are easily modifiable and resistant to heat treatments. Indeed, the already known positive effect on osteogenic integration of WPI-only coated substrates has been further enhanced by a simple adsorption procedure.
钛合金（Ti6Al4V）是一种最突出的骨接触生物材料，因为它能够承受机械负荷和耐腐蚀。Ti6Al4V 植入物的成功取决于植入物表面的骨形成。因此，理想的是能够促进成骨细胞黏附、增殖和分化的植入物涂层。一种涂层策略是通过吸附生物大分子。在这项研究中，通过增材制造（AM）生产的 Ti6Al4V 基底用在 pH2 下获得的乳清蛋白分离物（WPI）原纤维以及肝素或丁肝素（一种低分子量肝素 LMWH）进行涂层，以提高成骨细胞的增殖和分化。WPI 原纤维被证明是人类骨髓基质细胞（hBMSC）生长的极好支持物。事实上，WPI 原纤维能够耐受灭菌并且在储存过程中稳定。这种富含 WPI-肝素的涂层，特别是 LMWH，通过增加组织非特异性碱性磷酸酶（TNAP）活性来增强 hBMSC 的分化。最后，涂层提高了材料的亲水性。结果证实，WPI 原纤维是一种极好的生物材料，可用于生物医学涂层，因为它们易于修饰且耐受热处理。事实上，通过简单的吸附程序，已经对仅用 WPI 涂层的基底的成骨整合的积极影响进行了进一步增强。
