Mendes Francisco A, Leitão Susana T, Correia Verónica, Mecha Elsa, Rubiales Diego, Bronze Maria Rosário, Vaz Patto Maria Carlota
Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-019 Lisboa, Portugal.
Plants (Basel). 2021 Dec 22;11(1):26. doi: 10.3390/plants11010026.
Common bean is a nutritious food legume widely appreciated by consumers worldwide. It is a staple food in Latin America, and a component of the Mediterranean diet, being an affordable source of protein with high potential as a gourmet food. Breeding for nutritional quality, including both macro and micronutrients, and meeting organoleptic consumers' preferences is a difficult task which is facilitated by uncovering the genetic basis of related traits. This study explored the diversity of 106 Portuguese common bean accessions, under two contrasting environments, to gain insight into the genetic basis of nutritional composition (ash, carbohydrates, fat, fiber, moisture, protein, and resistant starch contents) and protein quality (amino acid contents and trypsin inhibitor activity) traits through a genome-wide association study. Single-nucleotide polymorphism-trait associations were tested using linear mixed models accounting for the accessions' genetic relatedness. Mapping resolution to the gene level was achieved in 56% of the cases, with 102 candidate genes proposed for 136 genomic regions associated with trait variation. Only one marker-trait association was stable across environments, highlighting the associations' environment-specific nature and the importance of genotype × environment interaction for crops' local adaptation and quality. This study provides novel information to better understand the molecular mechanisms regulating the nutritional quality in common bean and promising molecular tools to aid future breeding efforts to answer consumers' concerns.
普通菜豆是一种营养丰富的食用豆类，受到全球消费者的广泛喜爱。它是拉丁美洲的主食，也是地中海饮食的组成部分，是一种价格实惠的蛋白质来源，作为美食具有很高的潜力。培育具有营养品质（包括大量营养素和微量营养素）且符合消费者感官偏好的品种是一项艰巨的任务，而揭示相关性状的遗传基础有助于这项工作。本研究在两种截然不同的环境下，对106份葡萄牙普通菜豆种质进行了多样性分析，以通过全基因组关联研究深入了解营养成分（灰分、碳水化合物、脂肪、纤维、水分、蛋白质和抗性淀粉含量）和蛋白质质量（氨基酸含量和胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性）性状的遗传基础。使用考虑种质遗传相关性的线性混合模型测试了单核苷酸多态性与性状的关联。在56%的案例中实现了基因水平的定位解析，为与性状变异相关的136个基因组区域提出了102个候选基因。只有一个标记-性状关联在不同环境下是稳定的，突出了关联的环境特异性以及基因型×环境互作对作物本地适应性和品质的重要性。本研究提供了新的信息，以更好地理解调控普通菜豆营养品质的分子机制，并提供了有前景的分子工具，以帮助未来的育种工作回应消费者的关切。
