Mecha Elsa, Alves Mara Lisa, Bento da Silva Andreia, Pereira Ana Bárbara, Rubiales Diego, Vaz Patto Maria Carlota, Bronze Maria Rosário
ITQB NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Av. da República, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal.
Foods. 2023 Mar 24;12(7):1383. doi: 10.3390/foods12071383.
Legumes have been sought as alternative protein sources to ensure food security and environmental sustainability. Characterizing their protein content and quality, including in underutilized grain legumes, e.g., grass pea, gives value to the legumes' underexplored variability. To fill the gap of knowledge in legumes' protein quality, for the first time, five extensive collections of cool season grain legumes were cropped under the same environmental conditions and further analyzed. Multivariate analysis showed the existent intra- and inter-species variability. The legume species with the highest protein content, grass pea, (LS), was not the one with the overall highest individual amino acids content and in vitro protein digestibility. With these last characteristics lentil, (LC), was highlighted. The highest average values of arginine (Arg), glutamic acid (Glu), and threonine (Thr) were found in LS and (VF). (CA) stood out as the species with the highest values of Thr and methionine (Met). Regarding the in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD), LC, followed by (PS) and LS, were the legume species with the highest values. Ultimately, this study bought to the fore legume species that are not commonly used in western diets but have high adaptability to the European agricultural systems.
豆类已被视为替代蛋白质来源，以确保粮食安全和环境可持续性。表征其蛋白质含量和质量，包括未充分利用的谷物豆类，如草豌豆，可使豆类未被充分探索的变异性具有价值。为了填补豆类蛋白质质量方面的知识空白，首次在相同环境条件下种植了五个广泛收集的冷季谷物豆类，并进行了进一步分析。多变量分析显示了种内和种间存在的变异性。蛋白质含量最高的豆类物种草豌豆（LS）并非单个氨基酸含量和体外蛋白质消化率总体最高的物种。具有这些最后特征的是小扁豆（LC）。在草豌豆和蚕豆（VF）中发现了精氨酸（Arg）、谷氨酸（Glu）和苏氨酸（Thr）的最高平均值。鹰嘴豆（CA）作为苏氨酸和蛋氨酸（Met）值最高的物种脱颖而出。关于体外蛋白质消化率（IVPD），小扁豆（LC），其次是豌豆（PS）和草豌豆（LS），是体外蛋白质消化率值最高的豆类物种。最终，这项研究突出了在西方饮食中不常用但对欧洲农业系统具有高适应性的豆类物种。
