玉米淀粉：用于工业用途的质量与产量提升

Yu Ju-Kyung, Moon Yong-Sun

Syngenta Crop Protection LLC, Seeds Research, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA.

Department of Horticulture & Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea.

Plants (Basel). 2021 Dec 28;11(1):92. doi: 10.3390/plants11010092.

Corn starch serves as food, feed, and a raw material for industrial use. Starch makes up most of the biomass of the corn hybrid and is the most important and main yield component in corn breeding programs. Starch is composed of two polymers, branched amylopectin and linear amylose, which normally constitute about 75% and 25% of the corn starch, respectively. Breeding for corn starch quality has become economically beneficial because of the development of niche markets for specialty grains. In addition, due to the increased demands of biofuel production, corn ethanol production is receiving more attention. Consequently, improving starch quantity has become one of the most important breeding objectives. This review will summarize the use of corn starch, and the genetics and breeding of grain quality and quantity for industrial applications.

玉米淀粉可作为食品、饲料以及工业用途的原材料。淀粉构成了玉米杂交种的大部分生物量，并且是玉米育种计划中最重要的主要产量构成要素。淀粉由两种聚合物组成，即支链淀粉和直链淀粉，它们通常分别占玉米淀粉的约75%和25%。由于特种谷物利基市场的发展，玉米淀粉品质育种已变得具有经济效益。此外，由于生物燃料生产需求的增加，玉米乙醇生产受到了更多关注。因此，提高淀粉产量已成为最重要的育种目标之一。本综述将总结玉米淀粉的用途，以及用于工业应用的谷物品质和产量的遗传学与育种情况。