Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058574, Japan.
Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058574, Japan.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Dec 21;19(1):52. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19010052.
This study aimed to investigate the difference in the prevalence, severity, and risk factors of dysmenorrhea between Japanese female athletes and non-athletes in universities. The participants were 18 to 30 years old with no history of a previous pregnancy and/or childbirth. After application of the exclusion criteria, the cohort comprised 605 athletes and 295 non-athletes. An anonymous questionnaire, which included self-reported information on age, height, weight, age at menarche, menstrual cycle days, menstrual duration, dysmenorrhea severity, sleeping hours, dietary habits, exercise habits, training hours, and competition level was administered. Compared with athletes, non-athletes had a higher prevalence of dysmenorrhea (85.6% in athletes, 90.5% in non-athletes, < 0.05); non-athletes also demonstrated increased severity (none/mild 27.8%, moderate 19.3%, and severe 52.9% in athletes; none/mild 21.2%, moderate 17.2%, and severe 61.6% in non-athletes; < 0.05). Factors related to severe dysmenorrhea in athletes included long training hours, early menarche, and prolonged menstrual periods. In non-athletes, short menstrual cycle days and extended menstrual periods were related to severe dysmenorrhea. The prevalence and severity of dysmenorrhea were higher among non-athletes than among athletes; different factors were related to severe dysmenorrhea in these two groups. Thus, different strategies are necessary to manage dysmenorrhea for athletes and non-athletes in universities.
本研究旨在调查日本女大学生运动员与非运动员之间痛经的患病率、严重程度和危险因素差异。参与者年龄在 18 至 30 岁之间，无既往妊娠和/或分娩史。应用排除标准后，队列包括 605 名运动员和 295 名非运动员。采用匿名问卷，包括年龄、身高、体重、初潮年龄、月经周期天数、经期持续时间、痛经严重程度、睡眠时间、饮食习惯、运动习惯、训练时间和比赛水平等自我报告信息。与运动员相比，非运动员的痛经患病率更高（运动员中为 85.6%，非运动员中为 90.5%，<0.05）；非运动员的痛经严重程度也更高（运动员中无/轻度为 27.8%，中度为 19.3%，重度为 52.9%；非运动员中无/轻度为 21.2%，中度为 17.2%，重度为 61.6%，<0.05）。与运动员重度痛经相关的因素包括训练时间长、初潮早和经期长。在非运动员中，月经周期天数短和经期延长与重度痛经相关。非运动员的痛经患病率和严重程度均高于运动员；这两组人群中，导致重度痛经的因素也不同。因此，针对大学运动员和非运动员的痛经，需要采取不同的管理策略。
