Inpatient Service of Surgical Specialties, Centro Hospitalar do Baixo Vouga E.P.E., 3810-164 Aveiro, Portugal.
School of Health Sciences (ESSUA), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Dec 24;19(1):170. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19010170.
The objective of this analytical and interventional prospective quantitative study was to assess the effect of an educational intervention performed by nurses for mental adjustment to chronic disease in patients with hypertension. A convenience sample was studied, composed of 329 participants with chronic hypertension, followed in a primary healthcare unit in the Central Region of Portugal. Data collection was carried out by applying the Mental Adjustment to Disease Scale (MADS) before and 1 month after the educational nursing intervention between September 2017 and February 2018. Prior to the application of the educational intervention, 43.5% of the participants were classified as "unadjusted" in at least one of the subscales of MADS. After the educational intervention, 21.3% of the participants classified as "unadjusted" became "adjusted" in all MADS subscales. The success rate of the intervention varied from 26.9% (in the fatalism subscale) to 44.6% (for the anxious concern subscale). Participants were more likely to be mentally "unadjusted" to hypertension if they lived with other family members, had an active professional situation before the diagnosis of hypertension, still had an active professional situation now, were under 65 years old, had a shorter time to diagnosis (1-2 years), and measured blood pressure less regularly. The educational intervention performed by nurses is relevant for the mental adjustment of hypertensive patients, contributing to increased knowledge, as well as improvement in preventive and self-care practices, facilitating the experience of the health/disease transition process.
本分析性和干预性前瞻性定量研究的目的是评估护士对慢性病患者进行心理调整的教育干预对高血压患者的影响。采用便利抽样法，研究了由葡萄牙中部地区一个初级保健单位随访的 329 名慢性高血压患者。数据收集是在 2017 年 9 月至 2018 年 2 月期间，在进行护理教育干预之前和之后的 1 个月，通过应用疾病心理调整量表（MADS）进行的。在进行教育干预之前，MADS 的至少一个亚量表中，有 43.5%的参与者被归类为“未调整”。在教育干预之后，21.3%的参与者在所有 MADS 亚量表中被归类为“已调整”。干预的成功率从 26.9%（在宿命论亚量表）到 44.6%（在焦虑关注亚量表）不等。如果参与者与其他家庭成员同住、在诊断高血压之前有活跃的职业状况、现在仍有活跃的职业状况、年龄在 65 岁以下、诊断时间较短（1-2 年）、测量血压的频率较低，则他们更有可能对高血压进行心理“未调整”。护士进行的教育干预对高血压患者的心理调整很重要，有助于提高知识水平，并改善预防和自我保健行为，促进健康/疾病过渡过程的体验。
