Chair of Obstetrics Development, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, 4-6 Staszica St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland.
Chair and Department of Dental Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Dec 28;19(1):304. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19010304.
One of the most common metabolic complications of pregnancy are carbohydrate metabolism disorders resulting in hyperglycemia. The aim of the study was the assessment of impact of socio-demographic variables on the levels of social support and self-efficacy and an investigation of whether there is and how the relationship between social support and self-efficacy is shaped in pregnant women with gestational diabetes. In this study 339 pregnant women with diabetes during pregnancy and 337 healthy pregnant women took part.
The Berlin Social Support Scales (BSSS), the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) and a standardized interview questionnaire were used.
The respondents rated Perceived Instrumental Support higher (M = 3.52) than Perceived Emotional Support (M = 3.39). In contrast, Actually Received Support (M = 3.53) was rated higher compared to Support Seeking (M = 2.99) and Need for Support (M = 2.95). The mean generalized self-efficacy score was M = 31.58 in women with diabetes during pregnancy and M = 31.85 in healthy pregnant women.
The research results obtained prove the existence of a relationship between GSES and BSSS scores. In pregnant women with diabetes and healthy pregnant women, GSES increases with an increase in perceived support. Additionally, among pregnant women with diabetes, the level of GSES increases with an increase in actually received support. However, in the case of healthy pregnant women, a lower level of need for support is associated with higher level of generalized self-efficacy.
妊娠期间最常见的代谢并发症之一是碳水化合物代谢紊乱导致的高血糖。本研究的目的是评估社会人口统计学变量对社会支持和自我效能感水平的影响，并研究妊娠期糖尿病患者的社会支持和自我效能感之间是否存在关系，以及这种关系是如何形成的。本研究共纳入 339 名妊娠期糖尿病患者和 337 名健康孕妇。
使用柏林社会支持量表（BSSS）、一般自我效能感量表（GSES）和标准化访谈问卷进行研究。
受访者对工具性支持的评价更高（M=3.52），而对情感性支持的评价较低（M=3.39）。相比之下，实际获得的支持（M=3.53）的评分高于寻求支持（M=2.99）和需要支持（M=2.95）。妊娠期糖尿病患者的平均一般自我效能感得分为 M=31.58，健康孕妇的平均一般自我效能感得分为 M=31.85。
本研究结果证明了 GSES 和 BSSS 评分之间存在关系。在妊娠期糖尿病患者和健康孕妇中，GSES 随感知支持的增加而增加。此外，在妊娠期糖尿病患者中，GSES 水平随实际获得的支持增加而增加。然而，在健康孕妇中，较低的支持需求水平与较高的一般自我效能感水平相关。
