Chair and Department of Development in Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
Obstetrics and Gynecology Department and Clinic, Cardinal S. Wyszyński Regional Specialist Hospital, Lublin, Poland.
Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2021 Jan 7;19(1):16. doi: 10.1186/s12955-020-01662-z.
Pregnancy loss is typically experienced as a traumatic, critical event, which may lead to secondary psychological health disorders. Its burden involves both the experience of loss and related medical issues, which are associated with pain, hospitalization, limitation in one's social roles, decreased sense of security, and changes in one's perceived quality of life. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate levels of quality of life (QoL), social support and self-efficacy among women who had suffered a miscarriage.
The study was performed using a diagnostic survey method with questionnaires administered to 610 patients hospitalized due to spontaneous pregnancy loss in hospitals in Lublin (Poland). The instruments used were: the Berlin Social Support Scales (BSSS), the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), the WHOQoL-BREF questionnaire, and a standardized interview questionnaire.
Respondents rated their overall quality of life (3.90 points) higher than their overall perceived health (3.66). In terms of social support, the highest scores were noted for perceived available instrumental support (M = 3.78), perceived available emotional support (M = 3.68) and actually received support (M = 3.60). The mean generalized self-efficacy score among the women after pregnancy loss was 30.29. Respondents' QoL was significantly correlated with multiple social support subscales and self-efficacy (p < 0.05).
Women after a miscarriage perceive their overall quality of life as better than their overall health, while reporting the poorest QoL in the psychological domain. They also have a high level of self-efficacy. Regarding the types of social support, perceived available support, both instrumental and emotional, and actually received support was rated highly. Social support and self-efficacy contributed to better perceived QoL among the respondents.
妊娠丢失通常被视为一种创伤性的、关键性事件，可能导致继发性心理健康障碍。其负担包括丢失的经历和相关的医疗问题，这些问题与疼痛、住院、社会角色受限、安全感下降以及对生活质量的感知变化有关。本研究的目的是评估经历自然流产的女性的生活质量（QoL）、社会支持和自我效能水平。
本研究采用诊断性调查方法，对波兰卢布林医院因自然妊娠丢失住院的 610 名患者进行问卷调查。使用的工具包括：柏林社会支持量表（BSSS）、一般自我效能感量表（GSES）、WHOQoL-BREF 问卷和标准化访谈问卷。
受访者对总体生活质量（3.90 分）的评价高于对总体健康状况（3.66）的评价。在社会支持方面，感知到的可用工具性支持（M=3.78）、感知到的可用情感支持（M=3.68）和实际获得的支持（M=3.60）得分最高。流产后女性的平均一般自我效能感得分为 30.29。受访者的 QoL 与多个社会支持子量表和自我效能显著相关（p<0.05）。
流产后的女性认为她们的整体生活质量好于整体健康，但在心理领域报告的生活质量最差。她们也具有较高的自我效能感。在社会支持方面，感知到的可用支持，包括工具性和情感性支持，以及实际获得的支持，得分较高。社会支持和自我效能感有助于提高受访者的感知 QoL。
