Doctor of Physiotherapy Program, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4226, Australia.
Tactical Research Unit, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4226, Australia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Dec 31;19(1):422. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19010422.
A fracture, being an acquired rupture or break of the bone, is a significant and debilitating injury commonly seen among athletes and military personnel. Stress fractures, which have a repetitive stress aetiology, are highly prevalent among military populations, especially those undergoing training. The primary aim of this review is to identify non-modifiable risk factors for stress fractures in military personnel undergoing training. A systematic search was conducted of three major databases to identify studies that explored risk factors for stress fractures in military trainees. Critical appraisal, data extraction, and a narrative synthesis were conducted. Sixteen articles met the eligibility criteria for the study. Key non-modifiable risk factors identified were prior stress fracture and menstrual dysfunction, while advancing age and race other than black race may be a risk factor. To reduce the incidence of stress fractures in military trainees, mitigating modifiable risk factors among individuals with non-modifiable risk factors (e.g., optimising conditioning for older trainees) or better accommodating non-modifiable factors (for example, extending training periods and reducing intensity to facilitate recovery and adaptation) are suggested, with focus on groups at increased risk identified in this review.
骨折是一种骨的获得性断裂或破裂，是一种常见于运动员和军人的严重且使人虚弱的损伤。应力性骨折的病因是反复的压力，在军人中非常普遍，尤其是那些正在接受训练的军人。本综述的主要目的是确定接受训练的军人中发生应力性骨折的不可变风险因素。系统检索了三个主要数据库，以确定探讨军事训练人员应力性骨折风险因素的研究。进行了关键评估、数据提取和叙述性综合。有 16 篇文章符合研究标准。确定的主要不可变风险因素包括既往应力性骨折和月经功能障碍，而年龄增长和非黑色种族可能是一个风险因素。为了降低军事训练人员应力性骨折的发生率，建议针对具有不可变风险因素的个体（例如，为年龄较大的受训者优化训练）或更好地适应不可变因素（例如，延长训练期和降低强度以促进恢复和适应）来减少可变性风险因素，本综述中确定了高风险群体。
