Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jan 4;19(1):559. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19010559.
Rare earth elements (REEs) are emerging contaminants. Previous studies reported the association between REEs and active smoking, but little is known about the effects of passive smoking on this condition. In China, female passive smoking is widespread, particularly in rural areas.
This study aimed to estimate the relationship between REEs accumulation and passive smoking among rural housewives.
We recruited 385 subjects in Shanxi Province of northern China, of whom 117 housewives were exposed to passive smoking, and 268 were not. We analyzed 15 REEs in the hair of housewives with ICP-MS, including lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, and yttrium.
The results indicated higher levels of 14 REEs except for Sm in both the univariate and adjusted models among the housewives exposed to passive smoking. The increasing linear trend of adjusted odds ratios of 15 REEs supported their association. The Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models showed that 15 REEs had a significant overall effect, and Eu had a single-exposure effect with passive smoking.
We concluded that passive smoking might be associated with increased exposure to REEs among rural housewives.
稀土元素（REEs）是新兴的污染物。先前的研究报告了 REEs 与主动吸烟之间的关联，但对于被动吸烟对这种情况的影响知之甚少。在中国，女性被动吸烟很普遍，尤其是在农村地区。
本研究旨在估计农村家庭主妇中 REEs 积累与被动吸烟之间的关系。
我们在中国山西省招募了 385 名研究对象，其中 117 名家庭主妇暴露于被动吸烟，268 名没有。我们使用 ICP-MS 分析了家庭主妇头发中的 15 种 REEs，包括镧、铈、镨、钕、钐、铕、钆、铽、镝、钬、铒、铥、镱、镥和钇。
结果表明，在单变量和调整模型中，暴露于被动吸烟的家庭主妇中除 Sm 外，14 种 REEs 的水平均较高。15 种 REEs 的调整后比值比的线性递增趋势支持它们之间的关联。贝叶斯核机器回归（BKMR）模型表明，15 种 REEs 具有显著的总体效应，Eu 具有与被动吸烟的单一暴露效应。
我们得出结论，被动吸烟可能与农村家庭主妇中 REEs 暴露的增加有关。
