Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University (UQU), Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia.
Saudi Toxicology Society, Umm Al-Qura University (UQU), Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia.
Nutrients. 2021 Dec 22;14(1):28. doi: 10.3390/nu14010028.
L. (, Siwak) is an ethnic plant that is widely used for improving oral hygiene. This study aimed to provide a phytochemical profiling of ethyl acetate fraction (SPEAF) and to evaluate the healing activity of a muco-adhesive formula of the fraction against acetic acid-induced oral ulcers in rats. HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS-MS analysis of SPEAF resulted in the tentative identification of 56 metabolites containing fatty acids (23%), urea derivatives (10.5%) and sulphur compounds (10%), in addition to several amides, polyphenols and organic acids (6.5%, 5% and 2%, respectively). For the first time, 19 compounds were identified from In vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that the extract is non-toxic. SPEAF exhibited superior healing activities compared to both the negative and positive control groups on days 7 and 14 of tongue ulcer induction. This was confirmed by histopathological examinations of haematoxylin and eosin-stained (H&E) and Masson's trichrome-stained tongue sections. Moreover, SPEAF showed potent anti-inflammatory activities, as evidenced by the inhibited expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis alpha (TNF-α). Moreover, SPEAF exhibited potent antioxidant activity, as it prevented malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation, reduced glutathione (GSH) depletion and superoxide dismutase (SOD) exhaustion. SPEAF significantly enhanced hydroxyproline tongue content and upregulated collagen type I alpha 1 (Col1A1) mRNA expression. SPEAF also improved angiogenesis, as shown by the increased mRNA expression of the angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1). In conclusion, has a wide range of secondary metabolites and ameliorates acetic acid-induced tongue ulcers in rats. This can be attributed, at least partly, to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, procollagen and angiogenic activities. These findings provide support and validity for the use of as a traditional and conventional treatment for oral disorders.
唇香草（L.（，Siwak））是一种广泛用于改善口腔卫生的民族植物。本研究旨在提供乙酸乙酯部分（SPEAF）的植物化学特征分析，并评估该部分的粘膜粘附配方对乙酸诱导的大鼠口腔溃疡的愈合活性。SPEAF 的 HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS-MS 分析导致暂定鉴定了 56 种代谢产物，其中包含脂肪酸（23%）、尿素衍生物（10.5%）和含硫化合物（10%），此外还有几种酰胺、多酚和有机酸（分别为 6.5%、5%和 2%）。这是首次从 SPEAF 中鉴定出 19 种化合物。体外和体内实验表明，提取物是无毒的。在舌溃疡诱导的第 7 天和第 14 天，SPEAF 与阴性和阳性对照组相比表现出优越的愈合活性。这通过苏木精和伊红（H&E）染色和 Masson 三色染色的舌切片的组织病理学检查得到证实。此外，SPEAF 表现出强大的抗炎活性，这表现为抑制白细胞介素 6（IL-6）和肿瘤坏死因子 α（TNF-α）的表达。此外，SPEAF 表现出强大的抗氧化活性，因为它可以防止丙二醛（MDA）积累、还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）耗竭和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）枯竭。SPEAF 显著增加羟脯氨酸舌含量并上调胶原 I 型 α1（Col1A1）mRNA 表达。SPEAF 还改善了血管生成，表现为血管生成素 1（Ang-1）的 mRNA 表达增加。总之，唇香草具有广泛的次生代谢产物，并改善了乙酸诱导的大鼠舌溃疡。这至少部分归因于其抗炎、抗氧化、前胶原蛋白和血管生成活性。这些发现为唇香草作为口腔疾病的传统和常规治疗提供了支持和有效性。
