Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism (ODIM) Research Group, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
Nutrients. 2021 Dec 23;14(1):33. doi: 10.3390/nu14010033.
Weight loss after bariatric surgery decreases the earlier expansion of the adventitial vasa vasorum (VV), a biomarker of early atheromatous disease. However, no data are available regarding weight loss achieved by very low calorie ketogenic diets (VLCKD) on VV and lipid-based atherogenic indices. A randomized clinical trial was performed to examine changes in adventitial VV density in 20 patients with moderate obesity who underwent a 6-month very low calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD, 600-800 kcal/day), and 10 participants with hypocaloric diet based on the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet, estimated reduction of 500 kcal on the usual intake). Contrast-enhanced carotid ultrasound was used to assess the VV. Body composition analysis was also used. The atherogenic index of plasma (log (triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio)) and the triglyceride-glucose index were calculated. Serum concentrations of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1), and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1) were measured. The impact of weight on quality of life-lite (IWQOL-Lite) questionnaire was administered. Participants of intervention groups displayed a similar VV values. Significant improvements of BMI (-5.3 [-6.9 to -3.6] kg/m, < 0.001), total body fat (-7.0 [-10.7 to -3.3] %, = 0.003), and IWQOL-Lite score (-41.4 [-75.2 to -7.6], = 0.027) were observed in VLCKD group in comparison with MedDiet group. Although after a 6-months follow-up period VV density (mean, right and left sides) did not change significantly in any group, participants in the VLCKD exhibited a significantly decrease both in their atherogenic index of plasma and serum concentration of sICAM-1. A 6-month intervention with VLCKD do not impact in the density of the adventitial VV in subjects with moderate obesity, but induces significant changes in markers of endothelial dysfunction and CV risk.
减重手术后的体重减轻会减少 adventitial vasa vasorum（VV）的早期扩张，而 adventitial vasa vasorum 是早期动脉粥样硬化疾病的生物标志物。然而，关于极低卡路里生酮饮食（VLCKD）对 VV 和基于脂质的动脉粥样硬化指数的体重减轻，尚无数据。一项随机临床试验研究了 20 名中度肥胖患者在接受 6 个月的极低卡路里生酮饮食（VLCKD，600-800kcal/天）和 10 名接受基于地中海饮食的低热量饮食（MedDiet，通常摄入量减少 500kcal）后 adventitial VV 密度的变化。使用对比增强颈动脉超声评估 VV。还进行了身体成分分析。计算了血浆致动脉粥样硬化指数（log（甘油三酯与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的比值））和甘油三酯-葡萄糖指数。测量了血清可溶性细胞间黏附分子 1（sICAM-1）和可溶性血管细胞黏附分子 1（sVCAM-1）的浓度。还进行了生活质量简明问卷（IWQOL-Lite）的影响。干预组的参与者显示出相似的 VV 值。与 MedDiet 组相比，VLCKD 组的 BMI（-5.3[-6.9 至-3.6]kg/m，<0.001）、总体脂肪（-7.0[-10.7 至-3.3]%，=0.003）和 IWQOL-Lite 评分（-41.4[-75.2 至-7.6]，=0.027）显著改善。与 MedDiet 组相比，在 VLCKD 组中，尽管在 6 个月的随访期间，任何组的 VV 密度（平均值，右侧和左侧）均无明显变化，但 VLCKD 组的血浆致动脉粥样硬化指数和血清可溶性细胞间黏附分子 1 浓度均显著降低。6 个月的 VLCKD 干预不会影响中度肥胖患者 adventitial VV 的密度，但会引起内皮功能障碍和 CV 风险标志物的显著变化。
