Nasrollahzadeh Javad, Khandouzi Nafiseh, Maroofi Mahsa
Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Int J Endocrinol Metab. 2023 May 16;21(2):e135216. doi: 10.5812/ijem-135216. eCollection 2023 Apr.
Calorie restriction without malnutrition is likely to improve cardiovascular risk factors.
The aim of this study was to investigate calorie restriction on markers of cardiometabolic risk in overweight/obese adults with cardiovascular risk factors.
In a parallel controlled trial, patients with overweight or obesity and one or more cardiovascular risk factor were randomized to a modest reduced-calorie diet (75% of the total calculated energy requirements) or control (no calorie restriction) groups and followed up for two months. Body weight, dietary intake, fasting plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neuropeptide Y (NPY), lipids, and glycemic factors were measured at baseline, and after two months. The differences were analyzed with analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).
Sixty-six participants (33 in each group) completed the study. Body weight changed in the reduced-calorie diet group (- 3.05 ± 2.65 kg), and blood pressure was improved (systolic -6.96 ± 12.04 and diastolic - 3.90 ± 8.97 mmHg). The reduced-calorie diet improved plasma ICAM-1 (change from baseline - 0.45 ± 1.99 ng/mL, P = 0.033, ANCOVA), MCP-1 (change from baseline - 0.50 pg/mL, P = 0.011, ANCOVA), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (change from baseline - 9.35 ± 19.61 mg/dL, P < 0.001, ANCOVA), and triglyceride (change from baseline -33.66 ± 49.08, P = 0.001, ANCOVA), but BDNF, NPY, and other cardiometabolic factors were not different.
In overweight/obese subjects with cardiovascular risk factors which have been under medical treatment with risk-reducing medications, a modest weight loss induced by a reduced-calorie diet improved lipid profile, blood pressure, and reduced ICAM-1 and MCP-1 levels but had no effect on plasma BDNF or glycemic factors.
无营养不良的热量限制可能改善心血管危险因素。
本研究旨在调查热量限制对有心血管危险因素的超重/肥胖成年人心脏代谢风险标志物的影响。
在一项平行对照试验中，将超重或肥胖且有一个或多个心血管危险因素的患者随机分为适度低热量饮食组（占总计算能量需求的75%）或对照组（无热量限制），并随访两个月。在基线和两个月后测量体重、饮食摄入量、空腹血浆中C反应蛋白（CRP）、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1（MCP-1）、细胞间黏附分子1（ICAM-1）、血管细胞黏附分子1（VCAM-1）、脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）、神经肽Y（NPY）、脂质和血糖因子水平。采用协方差分析（ANCOVA）分析差异。
66名参与者（每组33名）完成了研究。低热量饮食组体重下降（-3.05±2.65千克），血压改善（收缩压-6.96±12.04，舒张压-3.90±8.97毫米汞柱）。低热量饮食改善了血浆ICAM-1（相对于基线变化-0.45±1.99纳克/毫升，P=0.033，ANCOVA）、MCP-1（相对于基线变化-0.50皮克/毫升，P=0.011，ANCOVA）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（相对于基线变化-9.35±19.61毫克/分升，P<0.001，ANCOVA）和甘油三酯（相对于基线变化-33.66±49.08，P=0.001，ANCOVA），但BDNF、NPY和其他心脏代谢因子无差异。
在已接受降低风险药物治疗的有心血管危险因素的超重/肥胖受试者中，低热量饮食引起的适度体重减轻改善了血脂、血压，降低了ICAM-1和MCP-1水平，但对血浆BDNF或血糖因子无影响。
