Xu Dengfeng, Fu Lingmeng, Pan Da, Lu Yifei, Yang Chao, Wang Yuanyuan, Wang Shaokang, Sun Guiju
Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
Department of Quality Management, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, China.
Nutrients. 2021 Dec 27;14(1):109. doi: 10.3390/nu14010109.
Observational studies have indicated beneficial effects of whole grain consumption on human health. However, no evidence based on randomized controlled trials has been established. Our objective was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to assess the effects of whole grain consumption in glycaemic control of diabetic patients.
A comprehensive search in four databases (Web of Science, Pubmed, Scopus and Cochrane library) was conducted to collect potential articles which measured the roles of whole grain consumption on glycaemic control up to October 2021.
A total of 16 eligible trials involving 1068 subjects were identified to evaluate the pooled effect. The overall results indicated that compared with the control group, whole grain intake presented a significantly reduced concentration in fast plasma glucose (WMD = -0.51 mmol/L, 95% CI: -0.73, -0.28; I2 = 88.6%, < 0.001), a homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (WMD = -0.39 μU × mol/L, 95% CI: -0.73, -0.04; I2 = 58.4%, = 0.014), and glycosylated haemoglobin (WMD = -0.56%, 95% CI: -0.88, -0.25, I2 = 88.5%, < 0.001), while no significant difference was observed in fast plasma insulin level between groups (SMD = -0.05, 95% CI: -0.25, 0.14; I2 = 40.7%, = 0.120). In terms of incremental area under the curve (iAUC), data suggested that whole grain effected a significant decrease in Glucose-iAUC (WMD = -233.09 min × mmol/L, 95% CI: -451.62, -14.57; I2 = 96.1%, < 0.001) and Insulin-iAUC (SMD = -4.80, 95% CI: -8.36, -1.23; I2 = 89.9%, = 0.002), although only in a small number of studies. Of note, there is evidence for modest unexplained heterogeneity in the present meta-analysis.
Whole grain consumption confers a beneficial effect on glucose metabolism in patients with diabetes. Regrettably, since relevant studies were scarce, we failed to provide confident evidence of whole grain consumption on acute effects including Glucose-iAUC and Insulin-iAUC, which should be addressed in further trials.
观察性研究表明食用全谷物对人体健康有益。然而，尚无基于随机对照试验的确凿证据。我们的目的是对随机对照试验进行系统评价和荟萃分析，以评估食用全谷物对糖尿病患者血糖控制的影响。
在四个数据库（科学网、PubMed、Scopus和Cochrane图书馆）中进行全面检索，以收集截至2021年10月测量食用全谷物对血糖控制作用的潜在文章。
共确定了16项符合条件的试验，涉及1068名受试者，以评估合并效应。总体结果表明，与对照组相比，全谷物摄入使空腹血糖浓度显著降低（加权均数差=-0.51 mmol/L，95%置信区间：-0.73，-0.28；I²=88.6%，P<0.001），胰岛素抵抗的稳态模型评估值（加权均数差=-0.39 μU×mol/L，95%置信区间：-0.73，-0.04；I²=58.4%，P=0.0。
