Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA.
Mol Nutr Food Res. 2019 Apr;63(7):e1800967. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201800967. Epub 2019 Mar 20.
The effect of whole-grain (WG) versus refined-grain (RG) diets on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and β-cell function is unclear.
In a double-blind crossover randomized controlled trial, 13 prediabetic adults (37.2 ± 1.8 y, BMI: 33.6 ± 1.4 kg m , 2 h glucose: 146.9 ± 11.6 mg dL ) are provided isocaloric-matched WG and RG diets for 8-weeks each, with an 8-10 week washout between diets. Glucose, insulin, and C-peptide are studied over 240 min following a 75 g OGTT. Incretins (GLP-1 and GIP), PYY, and total ghrelin are assessed at 0, 30, and 60 min. Mixed-meal diets for carbohydrate (54%), fat (28%), and protein (18%) contain either WG (50 g/1000 kcal) or equivalent RG.
Both diets induce fat loss (≈2 kg). While neither diet impacts early phase GSIS, the WG diet increases total GSIS (iAUC of C-peptide /Glc , p = 0.02) and β-cell function (disposition index; GSIS × insulin sensitivity, p = 0.02). GIP and PYY are unaltered by either diet, but GLP-1 is higher at 30 min following RG versus WG (p = 0.04). Ghrelin levels are higher at 60 min of the OGTT following both interventions (p = 0.01).
A WG-rich diet increases β-cell function independent of gut hormones in adults with prediabetes.
全谷物(WG)与精制谷物(RG)饮食对葡萄糖刺激的胰岛素分泌(GSIS)和β细胞功能的影响尚不清楚。
在一项双盲交叉随机对照试验中,13 名糖尿病前期成年人(37.2±1.8 岁,BMI:33.6±1.4 kg/m²,2 小时血糖:146.9±11.6 mg/dL)分别接受等热量匹配的 WG 和 RG 饮食 8 周,两种饮食之间有 8-10 周的洗脱期。在 75g OGTT 后 240 分钟内研究葡萄糖、胰岛素和 C 肽。在 0、30 和 60 分钟时评估肠降血糖素(GLP-1 和 GIP)、PYY 和总 ghrelin。混合餐饮食含有 54%的碳水化合物、28%的脂肪和 18%的蛋白质,包含 WG(50g/1000kcal)或等量的 RG。
两种饮食均导致脂肪减少(≈2kg)。虽然两种饮食都不影响早期 GSIS,但 WG 饮食增加了总 GSIS(C 肽/Glc 的 iAUC,p=0.02)和β细胞功能(处置指数;GSIS×胰岛素敏感性,p=0.02)。两种饮食均不影响 GIP 和 PYY,但 RG 后 30 分钟 GLP-1 更高(p=0.04)。OGTT 后 60 分钟时,ghrelin 水平在两种干预后均升高(p=0.01)。
富含 WG 的饮食可增加糖尿病前期成年人的β细胞功能,而与肠激素无关。