Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea.
National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
Cells. 2021 Dec 24;11(1):44. doi: 10.3390/cells11010044.
Gastrulation is a critical step in the establishment of a basic body plan during development. Convergence and extension (CE) cell movements organize germ layers during gastrulation. Noncanonical Wnt signaling has been known as major signaling that regulates CE cell movement by activating Rho and Rac. In addition, Bmp molecules are expressed in the ventral side of a developing embryo, and the ventral mesoderm region undergoes minimal CE cell movement while the dorsal mesoderm undergoes dynamic cell movements. This suggests that Bmp signal gradient may affect CE cell movement. To investigate whether Bmp signaling negatively regulates CE cell movements, we performed microarray-based screening and found that the transcription of Arhgef3.2 (Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor) was negatively regulated by Bmp signaling. We also showed that overexpression or knockdown of caused gastrulation defects. Interestingly, Xarhgef3.2 controlled gastrulation cell movements through interacting with Disheveled (Dsh2) and Dsh2-associated activator of morphogenesis 1 (Daam1). Our results suggest that Bmp gradient affects gastrulation cell movement (CE) via negative regulation of expression.
原肠作用是胚胎发育过程中建立基本体轴的关键步骤。会聚延伸（CE）细胞运动在原肠作用过程中组织胚层。非经典 Wnt 信号通路被认为是通过激活 Rho 和 Rac 来调节 CE 细胞运动的主要信号通路。此外，Bmp 分子在胚胎的腹侧表达，腹侧中胚层区域的 CE 细胞运动很少，而背侧中胚层则经历动态细胞运动。这表明 Bmp 信号梯度可能影响 CE 细胞运动。为了研究 Bmp 信号是否负调控 CE 细胞运动，我们进行了基于微阵列的筛选，发现 Arhgef3.2（Rho 鸟苷酸交换因子）的转录受 Bmp 信号的负调控。我们还表明，过表达或敲低 导致原肠作用缺陷。有趣的是，Xarhgef3.2 通过与 Disheveled（Dsh2）和 Dsh2 相关形态发生激活因子 1（Daam1）相互作用来控制原肠作用细胞运动。我们的结果表明，Bmp 梯度通过负调控 的表达来影响原肠作用细胞运动（CE）。
