Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy.
Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Cells. 2021 Dec 31;11(1):126. doi: 10.3390/cells11010126.
The commensal microbiota plays a fundamental role in maintaining host gut homeostasis by controlling several metabolic, neuronal and immune functions. Conversely, changes in the gut microenvironment may alter the saprophytic microbial community and function, hampering the positive relationship with the host. In this bidirectional interplay between the gut microbiota and the host, hyaluronan (HA), an unbranched glycosaminoglycan component of the extracellular matrix, has a multifaceted role. HA is fundamental for bacterial metabolism and influences bacterial adhesiveness to the mucosal layer and diffusion across the epithelial barrier. In the host, HA may be produced and distributed in different cellular components within the gut microenvironment, playing a role in the modulation of immune and neuronal responses. This review covers the more recent studies highlighting the relevance of HA as a putative modulator of the communication between luminal bacteria and the host gut neuro-immune axis both in health and disease conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease and ischemia/reperfusion injury.
共生微生物群通过控制多种代谢、神经元和免疫功能，在维持宿主肠道内环境稳定方面发挥着根本性作用。相反，肠道微环境的变化可能会改变腐生微生物群落和功能，从而阻碍与宿主的正向关系。在肠道微生物群和宿主之间的这种双向相互作用中，透明质酸（HA）作为细胞外基质的无分支糖胺聚糖成分，具有多方面的作用。HA 是细菌代谢的基础，影响细菌对黏膜层的黏附性和穿过上皮屏障的扩散性。在宿主中，HA 可能在肠道微环境的不同细胞成分中产生和分布，在调节免疫和神经元反应中发挥作用。本综述涵盖了最近的研究，强调了 HA 作为腔内细菌和宿主肠道神经免疫轴之间通讯的潜在调节剂的相关性，无论是在健康还是疾病状态下，如炎症性肠病和缺血/再灌注损伤。
