Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA.
Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Br J Sports Med. 2022 May;56(10):561-567. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-104545. Epub 2022 Jan 10.
Interpersonal violence is an increasingly recognised risk of sport participation and causally linked to negative physical and mental health outcomes. Para athletes from low- and middle-income countries may be at highest risk of physical, psychological, sexual and neglect-related violence due to various factors; however, their perceptions of these abusive behaviours are unknown. This study examined the perceptions and experiences of abuse in para athletes from three lower resourced countries: Ghana, India and Brazil.
Qualitative data from semistructured focus group interviews conducted with 26 individuals were collected to explore characteristics of abuse observed, navigated and experienced by para athletes. The framework method for multidisciplinary qualitative research guided data analysis.
Athletes identified a wide range of abusive behaviours they experienced within and outside of sport, including psychological, emotional, physical, sexual and neglect-related violence, which operated on both interpersonal and systemic levels. Most athletes described three less easily recognised forms of abuse in greater detail and more frequently than others: financial abuse, neglect and disability stigma.
It is important to hear directly from athletes with diverse experiences and backgrounds and to integrate their insights and priorities into sport safeguarding policies, programmes and interventions. Understanding the requirements and challenges of para athletes and para sport is needed to achieve safe, equitable and inclusive sport. As new insights from diverse sport settings are added to the evidence base, globally balanced, athlete-generated and locally relevant preventative strategies can better protect all athletes.
人际暴力是参与体育运动日益被认识到的风险因素，与负面的身心健康结果有因果关系。由于各种因素，来自中低收入国家的残障运动员可能面临最高的身体、心理、性和忽视相关暴力风险；然而，他们对这些虐待行为的看法尚不清楚。本研究调查了来自加纳、印度和巴西三个资源较少国家的残障运动员对虐待的看法和经历。
采用半结构式焦点小组访谈收集了 26 名参与者的定性数据，以探讨残障运动员观察、应对和经历的虐待特征。多学科定性研究的框架方法指导数据分析。
运动员识别出他们在运动内外经历的各种虐待行为，包括心理、情感、身体、性和忽视相关的暴力，这些行为在人际关系和系统层面上都存在。大多数运动员更详细地描述了三种不太容易被识别的虐待形式，而且比其他形式更频繁：财务虐待、忽视和残疾耻辱。
重要的是要直接听取来自具有不同经历和背景的运动员的意见，并将他们的见解和优先事项纳入体育保障政策、计划和干预措施中。了解残障运动员和残障运动的要求和挑战，是实现安全、公平和包容的体育的必要条件。随着新的来自不同体育环境的见解被添加到证据基础中，全球平衡、运动员生成和当地相关的预防策略可以更好地保护所有运动员。
