Faculty of Education, Psychology and Sport Sciences, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jun 13;19(12):7242. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19127242.
The aim of this systematic review was to identify the main factors affecting the training process of para-athletes, as well as the barriers they encounter. For this purpose, a systematic review was carried out in accordance with the PRISMA declaration guidelines, in which six databases were analysed (Web of Science, Scopus, SportDiscus, Pubmed, Eric, and PsycInfo). A total of 19 articles were selected for analysis after applying the inclusion criteria. The results show that the figures of the coach and families in the sporting and social contexts, respectively, had a relevant influence on the training process of para-athletes. Furthermore, in terms of psychological aspects, stress reduction, the importance of self-esteem, and motivation were highlighted. On the other hand, there are some barriers hindering the training and performance of athletes, which are related to the lack of financial support, lack of visibility in the media, and dependence on other people. These considerations can be of great help to coaches and competent institutions in the field (Paralympic committees, federations, etc.) in order to improve the training process and performance of para-athletes and to eliminate the barriers encountered by this group, promoting policies which facilitate access to sports for people with disabilities.
本系统综述的目的是确定影响 Para 运动员训练过程的主要因素，以及他们所面临的障碍。为此，我们按照 PRISMA 声明指南进行了系统综述，分析了六个数据库（Web of Science、Scopus、SportDiscus、Pubmed、Eric 和 PsycInfo）。在应用纳入标准后，共选择了 19 篇文章进行分析。结果表明，教练和家庭在体育和社会背景下的形象，分别对 Para 运动员的训练过程产生了相关影响。此外，在心理方面，减轻压力、自尊的重要性和动机被强调。另一方面，有些障碍阻碍了运动员的训练和表现，这些障碍与缺乏财政支持、媒体知名度低以及对他人的依赖有关。这些考虑因素可以为教练和相关机构（残奥会委员会、联合会等）提供很大帮助，以改善 Para 运动员的训练过程和表现，消除该群体所面临的障碍，促进为残疾人提供体育服务的政策。
