Effect of clay and guishe-ash as substrate on germination and production.

The effect of biomass ash and clay on tomato plants () in greenhouse conditions from germination to production was studied. Biomass ash is a waste obtained from thermal treatment of guishe (a by-product of natural fiber), and clay is collected from local soils. Several trials were performed to assess the influence of the addition of clay and guishe-ash on seeds germination, seedling growth, and production yield. The decrease in the values of these variables was considered an indicator of toxicity. The obtained results showed that based clay/ash materials positively affect germination (average ∼90% and six materials allow obtaining 90%) and seedlings growth (an increase of ∼20% in height and more than 50% in fresh air corpuscular weight). However, applying these materials on the production stage induces minor positive effects on fruit diameter, locule number, pericarp thickness, and the number of seeds per fruit. Also, adverse effects (first harvest yield, number of fruits, fresh mass of ripe fruits, lycopene content) were observed. To valorize biomass ash, its combination with other materials such as clay could be an alternative to improve tomato production.