Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
J Burn Care Res. 2022 Sep 1;43(5):1140-1144. doi: 10.1093/jbcr/irab250.
Autologous adipose tissue is an ideal soft tissue filling material in theory, which has the advantages of easy access, comprehensive source, and high biocompatibility and is now widely used in clinical practice. Based on the above benefits of autologous fat, autologous fat grafting is an essential technique in plastic surgery. Conventional macrofat is used to improve structural changes after soft tissue damage or loss caused by various causes such as disease, trauma, or aging. Due to the large diameter of particles and to avoid serious complications such as fat embolism, blunt needles with larger diameters (2 mm) are required, making the macrofat grafting difficult to the deep dermis and subdermis. Nanofat grafting is a relatively new technology that has gained popularity in cosmetic surgery in recent years. Nanofat is produced by mechanical shuffling and filtration of microfat, which is harvested by liposuction. The harvesting and processing of nanofat are cost-effective as it does not require additional equipment or culture time. Unlike microfat, nanofat particles are too small to provide a notable volumizing effect. Studies have shown that nanofat contains abundant stromal vascular fraction cells and adipose-derived stem cells, which help reconstruct dermal support structures, such as collagen, and regenerate healthier, younger-looking skin. Moreover, the fluid consistency of nanofat allows application in tissue regeneration, such as scars, chronic wounds, and facial rejuvenation. This article reviews the current research progress on the preparation, mechanism, and clinical application of nanofat.
自体脂肪组织是一种理想的软组织填充材料，具有来源广泛、易于获取、生物相容性好等优点，目前已广泛应用于临床实践。基于自体脂肪的上述优点，自体脂肪移植是整形外科学中的一项基本技术。常规的大颗粒脂肪用于改善因疾病、创伤或衰老等各种原因导致的软组织损伤或缺失后的结构变化。由于颗粒直径较大，为避免脂肪栓塞等严重并发症，需要使用直径较大（2 毫米）的钝针进行移植，这使得大颗粒脂肪难以移植到真皮和皮下组织的深部。纳米脂肪移植是近年来在美容外科中逐渐流行的一项新技术。纳米脂肪是通过微脂肪的机械搅拌和过滤产生的，通过吸脂术获得。纳米脂肪的采集和处理具有成本效益，因为它不需要额外的设备或培养时间。与微脂肪不同，纳米脂肪颗粒太小，无法提供显著的体积填充效果。研究表明，纳米脂肪富含基质血管成分细胞和脂肪源性干细胞，有助于重建真皮支撑结构，如胶原蛋白，使皮肤更健康、更年轻。此外，纳米脂肪的流体稠度使其能够应用于组织再生，如瘢痕、慢性创面和面部年轻化。本文综述了纳米脂肪的制备、机制及临床应用的研究进展。
