Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Cancer Epigenetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Cancer Epigenetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Mol Cell. 2022 Feb 17;82(4):716-727. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.12.004. Epub 2022 Jan 10.
Protein acetylation is conserved across phylogeny and has been recognized as one of the most prominent post-translational modifications since its discovery nearly 60 years ago. Histone acetylation is an active mark characteristic of open chromatin, but acetylation on specific lysine residues and histone variants occurs in different biological contexts and can confer various outcomes. The significance of acetylation events is indicated by the associations of lysine acetyltransferases, deacetylases, and acetyl-lysine readers with developmental disorders and pathologies. Recent advances have uncovered new roles of acetylation regulators in chromatin-centric events, which emphasize the complexity of these functional networks. In this review, we discuss mechanisms and dynamics of acetylation in chromatin organization and DNA-templated processes, including gene transcription and DNA repair and replication.
蛋白质乙酰化在系统发育上是保守的，自近 60 年前发现以来，它已被认为是最突出的翻译后修饰之一。组蛋白乙酰化是开放染色质的一种活性标记，但特定赖氨酸残基和组蛋白变体上的乙酰化发生在不同的生物学背景下，并可产生不同的结果。赖氨酸乙酰基转移酶、去乙酰化酶和乙酰化-赖氨酸读码器与发育障碍和病理的关联表明了乙酰化事件的重要性。最近的进展揭示了乙酰化调节剂在染色质中心事件中的新作用，这强调了这些功能网络的复杂性。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了染色质组织和 DNA 模板过程中乙酰化的机制和动力学，包括基因转录、DNA 修复和复制。
