社会排斥、痛苦和阴谋信念如何在个体对 COVID-19 疫苗接种意愿中起中介作用：一项有调节的序列中介分析的结果。
How Social Exclusion, Embitterment, and Conspiracy Beliefs Mediate Individual's Intention to Vaccination against COVID-19: Results from a Moderated Serial Mediation Analysis.
机构信息
Department of Health Psychology and Behavioural Medicine, Institute of Psychology, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland.
出版信息
Psychopathology. 2022;55(2):93-103. doi: 10.1159/000521016. Epub 2022 Jan 11.
INTRODUCTION
As Switzerland faced the "second wave" of COVID-19 incidences, a discussion of a potential vaccine against the virus emerged. While some individuals accept vaccines, others challenge or refuse to be vaccinated, a phenomena called vaccine hesitancy. Here, trust plays a vital role in vaccination intention. Embitterment not only goes along with the sense of being treated unjust but also innates a distrust in others. Thus, embitterment may influence individuals' vaccination intention against COVID-19. In the present study, we investigate how feelings of being socially excluded and the perceived negative impact of the pandemic are associated with embitterment and in turn, how embitterment is related to individuals' vaccination intention and the tendency to hold COVID-19-related conspiracy beliefs (CCBs). This is in regard of the perceived communication style by the government.
METHOD
A convenience sample of 281 individuals completed an online survey developed on Qualtrics. In this cross-sectional, nonexperimental designed study, indirect effects of a moderated serial mediation were analyzed using Jamm (Jamovi, Version 0.9; 2019).
RESULTS
Results indicated that embitterment went along with increased feelings of social exclusion (β = 0.45, p < 0.001). Further, individuals high in embitterment generally indicated a higher vaccination intention against COVID-19 (β = 0.15, p < 0.01). However, embittered individuals holding CCBs had a decreased vaccination intention against COVID-19 (β = -0.71, p < 0.001). Thus, whether or not embittered individuals develop CCBs might be a crucial determinant for their vaccination intention. Noteworthy, the relationship between embitterment and the tendency to hold CCBs was reinforced by the notion of an unsatisfactory style of communication by the government.
CONCLUSION
Taken together, results suggest that embitterment not only plays a relevant role in vaccination intention against COVID-19 but also for the susceptibility to engage in conspiracy beliefs.
简介
随着瑞士面临 COVID-19 病例的“第二波”高峰，出现了关于针对该病毒的潜在疫苗的讨论。虽然有些人接受疫苗，但也有其他人对疫苗持质疑或拒绝态度，这一现象被称为疫苗犹豫。在这里，信任在接种意愿中起着至关重要的作用。不满不仅伴随着被不公正对待的感觉，而且还会本能地对他人产生不信任。因此，不满可能会影响个人对 COVID-19 的疫苗接种意愿。在本研究中，我们调查了被社会排斥的感觉和大流行的负面影响如何与不满相关，以及不满如何与个人对 COVID-19 的疫苗接种意愿和持有 COVID-19 相关阴谋信念（CCB）的倾向相关。这是考虑到政府感知到的沟通方式。
方法
一个由 281 人组成的方便样本完成了一个在 Qualtrics 上开发的在线调查。在这项横断面、非实验设计的研究中，使用 Jamm（Jamovi，版本 0.9；2019 年）分析了中介调节的间接效应。
结果
结果表明，不满与社会排斥感的增加有关（β=0.45，p<0.001）。进一步，不满情绪高的个体一般表示对 COVID-19 的疫苗接种意愿较高（β=0.15，p<0.01）。然而，持有 CCB 的不满个体对 COVID-19 的疫苗接种意愿较低（β=-0.71，p<0.001）。因此，不满个体是否会产生 CCB 可能是他们疫苗接种意愿的关键决定因素。值得注意的是，政府沟通方式令人不满意的观念加强了不满与持有 CCB 的倾向之间的关系。
结论
总的来说，结果表明不满不仅在 COVID-19 疫苗接种意愿方面起着重要作用，而且在易感染阴谋信念方面也起着重要作用。
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