Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. & Department of Rescue and Relief and Disaster Management, Iran Helal Institute of Applied Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Email:
J Inj Violence Res. 2022 Jan;14(1):33-41. doi: 10.5249/jivr.v14i1.1698. Epub 2022 Jan 12.
In recent decades, earthquakes, as natural hazards that caused direct effects both on communities and the chemical industry, produced many Natech events. Natech term is utilizing to describe the technological disasters caused by natural hazards. This study was conducted on the emergency evacuation challenges of residential areas adjacent to a refinery near Tehran based on H2S toxic gas release following a possible earthquake scenario.
This Research was an applied study at two phases in 2020. In the first phase, a review study was conducted to identify the community's previous experiences on emergency evacuation following Natech events. In the second phase, the challenges of emergency evacuation were analyzed based on the scenario of a possible earthquake and gas release from the refinery.
Due to the high seismic vulnerability of structures in the area affected Natech risk, the total Resident population in this area would be affected simultaneously by an earthquake and H2S gas release in concentration 30 ppm as the result of the earthquake impact on chemical facilities. Emergency evacuation would be inevitable. The existing evacuation places are very unsafe and dangerous due to having open spaces. The nearest suitable evacuation places were found in the north direction for more than 38 % of the exposed population and in the east, west, and south direction for more than 61% of them.
The emergency evacuation challenges were discussed in 4 viewpoints, disrupted or interrupted rescue and firefighting operation, unnecessary evacuation, frequent evacuation, and evacuation behavior. The measures such as revising and updating emergency evacuation maps; public informing, training, preparedness; providing protocols and training for operational and therapeutic response teams; and coordination improvement can help resilience increasing to such disasters.
近几十年来，地震作为直接影响社区和化工业的自然灾害，引发了许多 Natech 事件。Natech 一词用于描述自然灾害引发的技术灾害。本研究基于德黑兰附近一家炼油厂可能发生地震后 H2S 有毒气体释放的情景，针对居民区紧邻炼油厂的紧急疏散挑战进行了研究。
这是 2020 年进行的一项应用研究，分为两个阶段。第一阶段进行了综述研究，以确定社区在 Natech 事件后的紧急疏散方面的先前经验。第二阶段，根据可能发生的地震和炼油厂气体释放的情景，分析了紧急疏散的挑战。
由于受 Natech 风险影响的该地区结构的抗震脆弱性较高，因此，该地区的总人口将同时受到地震和 H2S 气体释放的影响，地震对化学设施的影响导致 30ppm 浓度的 H2S 气体释放。紧急疏散将是不可避免的。由于存在开放空间，现有的疏散场所非常不安全和危险。对于超过 38%的暴露人群，发现最接近的合适疏散地点在北部方向，对于超过 61%的暴露人群，发现最接近的合适疏散地点在东部、西部和南部方向。
从 4 个角度讨论了紧急疏散挑战，包括：救援和消防行动中断或受阻、不必要的疏散、频繁疏散和疏散行为。修订和更新紧急疏散地图、公众告知、培训、准备工作、为运营和治疗反应团队提供协议和培训、以及改进协调等措施，可以帮助提高对这类灾害的抵御能力。
