最近驯化的澳洲坚果的选择特征。
Signatures of selection in recently domesticated macadamia.
机构信息
Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China.
South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, China Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, 524091, Zhanjiang, China.
出版信息
Nat Commun. 2022 Jan 11;13(1):242. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-27937-7.
Macadamia is a high value nut crop that is recently domesticated, ideal for testing the effect of artificial selection. Here, we sequence the genome of Hawaiian cultivar 'Kau' and assemble into 794 Mb in 14 pseudo-chromosomes with 37,728 genes. Genome analysis reveals a whole-genome duplication event, occurred 46.8 million years ago. Gene expansions occurred in gene families involves in fatty acid biosynthesis. Gene duplication of MADS-Box transcription factors in proanthocyanidin biosynthesis are relevant for seed coat development. Genome re-sequencing of 112 accessions reveals the origin of Hawaiian cultivars from Mount Bauple in southeast Queensland in Australia. Selective sweeps are detected in macadamia cultivars, including genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis, seed coat development, and heat stress response. Such strong effects of artificial selection in few generations reveals the genomic basis for 'one-step operation' for clonal crop domestication. The knowledge gained could accelerate domestication of new crops from wild species.
澳洲坚果是一种高价值的坚果作物，最近被驯化，非常适合测试人工选择的效果。在这里，我们对夏威夷品种‘Kau’进行了基因组测序，并组装成 794Mb 的 14 个假染色体，包含 37728 个基因。基因组分析揭示了一个全基因组加倍事件，发生在 4680 万年前。与脂肪酸生物合成有关的基因家族中发生了基因扩张。类黄酮生物合成中 MADS-Box 转录因子的基因复制与种皮发育有关。对 112 个品系的基因组重测序揭示了夏威夷品种起源于澳大利亚昆士兰州东南部的芒特鲍尔。在澳洲坚果品种中检测到了选择清除，包括参与脂肪酸生物合成、种皮发育和热应激反应的基因。在几代人的时间里，人工选择产生了如此强烈的影响，揭示了克隆作物驯化的“一步操作”的基因组基础。这些知识的获得可以加速从野生种中驯化新作物。
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