College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
Sci Rep. 2022 Jan 11;12(1):550. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-04585-x.
Isatis indigotica planting is the backbone of the medicinal industry in Hexi Oasis, Gansu. In order to solve the problems insufficient water resources and excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer in this area, this paper explored the irrigation and nitrogen levels that can meet the multiple goals of Isatis indigotica. The two-factor split-plot field experiment (2018‒2019) was conducted in Minle County, Gansu Province, China, which contains 9 treatments. There were three levels of irrigation water: W1(low), W2(medium), and W3(high). The soil moisture contents were 60-70%, 70-80%, and 80-90% of the field water-holding capacity, respectively. The nitrogen application rate was classified into three levels, N1(low), N2(medium) and N3(high), which were 150, 200 and 250 kg N/ha, respectively. The standard local irrigation water amount and nitrogen application rate corresponded to W3N3. The results showed that the yield of Isatis indigotica increased first and then decreased with the increase of irrigation amount and nitrogen application rate, the yield of W2N2 is 12.2-17.1% higher than that of W1N1, the yield of W3N3 was 12.1-17.5% lower than that of W2N2. Saving water and reducing nitrogen can improve the quality of Isatis indigotica, compared with W3N3, the indigo, indirubin, (R,S)-epigoitrin and polysaccharides of W2N2 increased by 4.5-5.9%, 2.7-3.1%, 5.2-6.0%, and 1.8-2.1%, respectively. With the increase of nitrogen application rate, the water use efficiency (WUE) first increased and then decreased, as the irrigation volume increases, WUE decreases. Compared with W3N3, the WUE of W2N2 increased by 24.3-27.2%. With the increase of water input, the nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency (NUE) first increased and then decreased, as the nitrogen application rate increases, NUE decreases. Compared with W3N3, the NUE of W2W2 increased by 31.8-34.5%. Therefore, W2N2 can improve quality and increase water and nitrogen utilization efficiency on the basis of ensuring yield.
板蓝根种植是甘肃河西绿洲地区医药产业的支柱。为了解决该地区水资源不足和氮肥过量施用的问题，本研究探讨了既能满足板蓝根多种目标，又能节约水资源和氮肥的灌溉和氮素水平。本研究于 2018 年至 2019 年在中国甘肃省民勤县进行了两因素裂区田间试验（9 个处理）。灌溉水有 3 个水平：W1（低）、W2（中）和 W3（高）。土壤水分含量分别为田间持水量的 60-70%、70-80%和 80-90%。施氮量也分为 3 个水平，N1（低）、N2（中）和 N3（高），分别为 150、200 和 250 kg/ha。标准当地灌水量和施氮量对应于 W3N3。结果表明，随着灌水量和施氮量的增加，板蓝根的产量先增加后减少，W2N2 的产量比 W1N1 高 12.2-17.1%，W3N3 的产量比 W2N2 低 12.1-17.5%。与 W3N3 相比，节水和减氮可以提高板蓝根的品质，W2N2 的靛蓝、靛玉红、（R，S）-告依春和多糖分别增加了 4.5-5.9%、2.7-3.1%、5.2-6.0%和 1.8-2.1%。随着施氮量的增加，水分利用效率（WUE）先增加后减少，随着灌水量的增加，WUE 降低。与 W3N3 相比，W2N2 的 WUE 增加了 24.3-27.2%。随着水投入的增加，氮素利用效率（NUE）先增加后减少，随着施氮量的增加，NUE 降低。与 W3N3 相比，W2N2 的 NUE 增加了 31.8-34.5%。因此，在保证产量的基础上，W2N2 可以提高品质，增加水氮利用效率。
