College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Science. 2010 Feb 19;327(5968):1008-10. doi: 10.1126/science.1182570. Epub 2010 Feb 11.
Soil acidification is a major problem in soils of intensive Chinese agricultural systems. We used two nationwide surveys, paired comparisons in numerous individual sites, and several long-term monitoring-field data sets to evaluate changes in soil acidity. Soil pH declined significantly (P < 0.001) from the 1980s to the 2000s in the major Chinese crop-production areas. Processes related to nitrogen cycling released 20 to 221 kilomoles of hydrogen ion (H+) per hectare per year, and base cations uptake contributed a further 15 to 20 kilomoles of H+ per hectare per year to soil acidification in four widespread cropping systems. In comparison, acid deposition (0.4 to 2.0 kilomoles of H+ per hectare per year) made a small contribution to the acidification of agricultural soils across China.
土壤酸化是集约化中国农业系统土壤的一个主要问题。我们使用了两次全国性调查、大量个别地点的配对比较以及几个长期监测实地数据集来评估土壤酸度的变化。从 20 世纪 80 年代到 2000 年代，中国主要作物产区的土壤 pH 值显著下降（P<0.001）。与氮循环有关的过程每年每公顷释放 20 到 221 千摩尔氢离子（H+），而在四个广泛的种植系统中，基础阳离子的吸收每年每公顷进一步贡献 15 到 20 千摩尔 H+导致土壤酸化。相比之下，酸沉降（每公顷每年 0.4 到 2.0 千摩尔 H+）对中国农业土壤的酸化影响较小。
