Hasford J, Victor N
Institut für Medizinische Dokumentation, Statistik und Datenverarbeitung der Universität, Heidelberg.
Infection. 1987;15 Suppl 5:S236-40. doi: 10.1007/BF01643196.
Risk-benefit analyses are a prerequisite for a rational decision about therapies, e.g. drugs. Ingredients of a risk-benefit analysis are: 1. quality and quantity of the benefit; 2. quality and quantity of the harm; 3. benefit and harm of the natural history of the disease; 4. benefit and harm of therapeutic alternatives; 5. commensurability of harm and benefit; 6. consideration of all types of adverse drug reactions together. The available evidence was not suitable for a sound risk-benefit analysis of the use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. However, there seems to be enough evidence to restrict the use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in diseases with a benign prognosis and/or when there are therapeutic alternatives with a smaller risk/benefit ratio. Reliable rules for risk-benefit analyses have to be developed and the necessary information has to be gained also in methodologically sound phase IV research.
风险效益分析是对治疗方法（如药物）做出合理决策的前提条件。风险效益分析的要素包括：1. 效益的质量和数量；2. 危害的质量和数量；3. 疾病自然史的效益和危害；4. 治疗替代方案的效益和危害；5. 危害与效益的可比性；6. 综合考虑各类药物不良反应。现有证据不适用于对甲氧苄啶 - 磺胺甲恶唑使用进行完善的风险效益分析。然而，似乎有足够的证据限制在预后良好的疾病中使用甲氧苄啶 - 磺胺甲恶唑，和/或在存在风险/效益比更小的治疗替代方案时使用。必须制定可靠的风险效益分析规则，并且还必须在方法学上合理的IV期研究中获取必要信息。
