Natesan Krithiga, Kalleshamurthy Triveni, Nookala Mangadevi, Yadav Chaitra, Mohandoss Nagalingam, Skariah Somy, Sahay Swati, Shome Bibek Ranjan, Kumar Obli Rajendran Vinodh, Rahman Habibur, Shome Rajeswari
Department of Bacteriology, Indian Council for Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
Division of Epidemiology, Indian Council for Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Vet World. 2021 Nov;14(11):2855-2862. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2855-2862. Epub 2021 Nov 9.
Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease of high economic and public health importance in large and small ruminant populations worldwide. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of brucellosis in small ruminants in organized farms in the southern region of India.
Farms exclusively rearing sheep and goats were selected based on the number of animals (small, medium, or large) and the location of the farm (urban, periurban, or rural). A total of 1499 serum samples; 1001 from sheeps and 498 from goats were sourced from six sheep and four goat farms and tested using Rose Bengal Plate and indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay tests.
The apparent prevalence of brucellosis was higher in sheep (8.29%, 95% CI 6.7-10.1) than goats (5.82%, 95% CI 4.0-8.2). The true adjusted population level seroprevalence was also higher in sheep, at 7.7% (95% CI 6.0-9.6) than in goats, at 5.1% (95% CI 3.2-7.6). According to bivariate categorical analysis, six highly significant (p<0.001) animal- and farm-level risk factors for sheep were age, breed, number of lambings, history of abortion, rural farms, and presence of dogs on the farm. In goats, five significant risk factors were found: History of abortion, separate sheds, dogs on the farm, weekly veterinary consultation, and lack of brucellosis awareness. In a logistic regression model, abortion (OR 10.8, 95% CI 1.2-96.12), rural farms (OR 8.5, 95% CI 3.6-20.0), and absence of separate sheds on the farms (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1-3.5) were found to be significant risk factors for ovine brucellosis.
The use of complementary measures to tackle the multiple animal- and farm-level risk factors may help to reduce the disease burden in the absence of a vaccination policy for small ruminants in India.
布鲁氏菌病是一种人畜共患病，在全球范围内的大小反刍动物群体中具有很高的经济和公共卫生重要性。开展了一项横断面研究，以确定印度南部有组织农场中小反刍动物布鲁氏菌病的血清阳性率和风险因素。
根据动物数量（小、中或大）和农场位置（城市、城郊或农村）选择专门饲养绵羊和山羊的农场。总共从6个绵羊场和4个山羊场采集了1499份血清样本；其中1001份来自绵羊，498份来自山羊，并使用玫瑰红平板试验和间接酶联免疫吸附试验进行检测。
布鲁氏菌病的表观患病率在绵羊中（8.29%，95%可信区间6.7 - 10.1）高于山羊（5.82%，95%可信区间4.0 - 8.2）。绵羊的实际调整后群体血清阳性率也更高，为7.7%（95%可信区间6.0 - 9.6），高于山羊的5.1%（95%可信区间3.2 - 7.6）。根据二元分类分析，绵羊的六个高度显著（p<0.001）的动物和农场层面风险因素为年龄、品种、产羔数、流产史、农村农场以及农场中狗的存在。在山羊中，发现了五个显著风险因素：流产史、单独的畜棚、农场中的狗、每周兽医咨询以及缺乏布鲁氏菌病意识。在逻辑回归模型中，流产（比值比10.8，95%可信区间1.2 - 96.12）、农村农场（比值比8.5，95%可信区间3.6 - 20.0）以及农场中没有单独的畜棚（比值比1.9，95%可信区间1.1 - 3.5）被发现是绵羊布鲁氏菌病的显著风险因素。
在印度缺乏小反刍动物疫苗接种政策的情况下，采用补充措施应对多种动物和农场层面的风险因素可能有助于减轻疾病负担。
