Pasaribu Tiurma, Sinurat Arnold P, Wina Elizabeth, Cahyaningsih Triwardhani
Division of Nutrition and Agrostology, Indonesian Research Institute For Animal Production, Ciawi Bogor 16720, Indonesia.
Vet World. 2021 Nov;14(11):3048-3055. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.3048-3055. Epub 2021 Nov 29.
Many plants contain bioactive substances with antibacterial and antifungal properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal activity of shell liquid smoke (CSL), clove leaf extract (CLE), and mangosteen pericarp extract (MPE) alone and in combination against and . The antioxidant activity, phenol, saponin, and tannin of CSL, CLE, MPE, and L. extract were also measured.
The agar well-diffusion method was used to determine the antimicrobial and antifungal activities of CSL, methanolic MPE, and CLE and their combination CSL+MPE+CLE (COMBI) on bacteria and fungus (). Antioxidant activity was measured by the diphenylpicrylhydrazyl method. Total phenol and total tannin were measured by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and total saponin was measured by the vanillin-sulphate method.
The results indicated that phenolic and tannin levels were greater in MPE than in CLE, whereas the saponin content was higher in CLE compared with MPE. Undiluted (100%) MPE exhibited lower antibacterial activity (p<0.05) than chloramphenicol against , however, undiluted CLE and COMBI showed similar activity compared with chloramphenicol against . COMBI caused significantly (p<0.05) higher inhibition compared with virginiamycin against . CSL, MPE, and COMBI exhibited significantly lower antifungal activity (p<0.05) than that of ketoconazole against . In contrast, CLE showed improved antifungal activity (p<0.05) compared with ketoconazole.
liquid smoke, pericarp extract, and leaf extract, either alone or in combination, have the potential to be used as antibacterial and antifungal agents.
许多植物含有具有抗菌和抗真菌特性的生物活性物质。本研究的目的是评估壳液烟熏剂（CSL）、丁香叶提取物（CLE）和山竹果皮提取物（MPE）单独及联合使用对[具体细菌和真菌名称未给出]的抗菌和抗真菌活性。还测定了CSL、CLE、MPE和[具体提取物名称未给出]提取物的抗氧化活性、酚类、皂苷和单宁含量。
采用琼脂孔扩散法测定CSL、甲醇提取的MPE和CLE及其组合CSL + MPE + CLE（COMBI）对[具体细菌名称未给出]和真菌（[具体真菌名称未给出]）的抗菌和抗真菌活性。通过二苯基苦味酰基自由基法测定抗氧化活性。采用福林 - 西奥尔特法测定总酚和总单宁含量，采用香草醛 - 硫酸法测定总皂苷含量。
结果表明，MPE中的酚类和单宁含量高于CLE，而CLE中的皂苷含量高于MPE。未稀释（100%）的MPE对[具体细菌名称未给出]的抗菌活性低于氯霉素（p < 0.05），然而，未稀释的CLE和COMBI对[具体细菌名称未给出]的活性与氯霉素相似。与维吉尼亚霉素相比，COMBI对[具体细菌名称未给出]的抑制作用显著更高（p < 0.05）。与酮康唑相比，CSL、MPE和COMBI对[具体真菌名称未给出]的抗真菌活性显著更低（p < 0.05）。相比之下，CLE的抗真菌活性比酮康唑有所提高（p < 0.05）。
液烟熏剂、[具体果皮提取物名称未给出]提取物和[具体叶提取物名称未给出]提取物，单独或联合使用，都有潜力用作抗菌和抗真菌剂。
