Quigley Ryan, Koenig Zachary A, Schick Samuel, Miller Erin
Department of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West Virginia University, Martinsburg, USA.
Cureus. 2021 Dec 7;13(12):e20247. doi: 10.7759/cureus.20247. eCollection 2021 Dec.
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is the most common autoimmune disorder affecting the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) of voluntary skeletal muscle. This disease is characterized by ptosis, diplopia, facial muscle weakness, bulbar muscle involvement including dysphagia and difficulty chewing, dysarthria, hypophonia, respiratory muscle fatigue, and sometimes generalized weakness. A myasthenic crisis (MC) is a complication of MG. MC is defined as severe worsening of respiratory function necessitating the need for mechanical ventilation. Precipitating factors include infection, certain drugs, pregnancy, childbirth, surgery, discontinuation of medical therapy, or even spontaneously with no inciting event. Here we present a complicated case of a 24-year-old patient with a long history of controlled who encounters many events that lead to an MC necessitating mechanical intubation, plasmapheresis, and high dose immunosuppressive therapy. She recently gave birth to a child, had an occult perforated appendicitis with multiple abscesses needing emergent exploratory laparotomy, and had an overlying COVID-19 infection. The complexity of this disease and its complications warrants careful consideration by physicians in any branch of specialty.
重症肌无力(MG)是影响随意性骨骼肌神经肌肉接头(NMJ)的最常见自身免疫性疾病。该病的特征包括上睑下垂、复视、面部肌肉无力、延髓肌受累(包括吞咽困难和咀嚼困难)、构音障碍、声音微弱、呼吸肌无力,有时还会出现全身无力。重症肌无力危象(MC)是MG的一种并发症。MC被定义为呼吸功能严重恶化,需要进行机械通气。诱发因素包括感染、某些药物、妊娠、分娩、手术、停止药物治疗,甚至在无诱发事件的情况下自发发生。在此,我们介绍一例复杂病例,一名24岁有长期病情控制史的患者,遭遇了许多导致MC的事件,需要进行机械插管、血浆置换和高剂量免疫抑制治疗。她最近分娩,患有隐匿性穿孔性阑尾炎并伴有多个脓肿,需要紧急剖腹探查,且同时感染了新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)。这种疾病及其并发症的复杂性值得各专科医生仔细考虑。