Akwuobu Chinedu A, Ngbede Emmanuel O, Mamfe Levi M, Ezenduka Ekene V, Chah Kennedy F
Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria.
Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
Access Microbiol. 2021 Nov 2;3(11):000277. doi: 10.1099/acmi.0.000277. eCollection 2021.
This cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the common Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) contaminating veterinary clinic environments, and to evaluate the susceptibility of the isolates to commonly used antibiotics and biocides. A total of 62 swab samples were collected from different frequently touched surfaces in the 4 veterinary clinics visited. The samples were processed for isolation and identification of GNB using standard microbiological procedures. The susceptibility of the isolates to disinfectants and antibiotics was determined using agar dilution and disc diffusion techniques, respectively. A total of 114 GNB were isolated from the 4 clinics with isolation rates of 21.9, 22.8, 23.7 and 31.6% in clinics A, B, C and D, respectively. The surfaces of treatment tables were more contaminated (16.7 %) than receptionist/clinician desks (15.8%), weighing balances (10.5 %), door handles (7.9 %), drip stands (7.9 %), handwashing basins (7.0 %) and client chairs (7.0%). The surface-contaminating isolates were distributed into 20 genera, with members of predominating (=97). Fifty-nine per cent of the isolates were resistant to the disinfectant Septol, while 5.3 and 0.9% were resistant to Purit and Dettol disinfectants, respectively. Multiple drug resistance was observed among 99% of the isolates with approximately 100% resistance to beta-lactams. Phenotypic expression of extended-spectrum (3.5 %) and AmpC beta-lactamase (38.6 %) production was detected. These findings highlight the role of clinic environments in serving as reservoirs for potential pathogens and sources for the spread of multi-drug resistant GNB.
本横断面研究旨在确定污染兽医诊所环境的常见革兰氏阴性菌（GNB），并评估分离菌株对常用抗生素和杀菌剂的敏感性。从访问的4家兽医诊所中不同的经常接触表面共采集了62份拭子样本。使用标准微生物学程序对样本进行处理，以分离和鉴定GNB。分别使用琼脂稀释法和纸片扩散法测定分离菌株对消毒剂和抗生素的敏感性。从这4家诊所共分离出114株GNB，A、B、C和D诊所的分离率分别为21.9%、22.8%、23.7%和31.6%。治疗台表面的污染程度（16.7%）高于接待员/临床医生办公桌（15.8%）、秤（10.5%）、门把手（7.9%）、输液架（7.9%）、洗手盆（7.0%）和客户椅（7.0%）。表面污染分离菌株分布在20个属中，其中 属的成员占主导（=97）。59%的分离菌株对Septol消毒剂耐药，而分别有5.3%和0.9%的分离菌株对Purit和滴露消毒剂耐药。在99%的分离菌株中观察到多重耐药，对β-内酰胺类抗生素的耐药率约为100%。检测到超广谱β-内酰胺酶（3.5%）和AmpCβ-内酰胺酶（38.6%）产生的表型表达。这些发现突出了诊所环境作为潜在病原体储存库和多重耐药GNB传播源的作用。
