Glazova O V, Vorontsova M V, Shevkova L V, Sakr N, Onyanov N A, Kaziakhmedova S A, Volchkov P Y
Endocrinology Research Centre; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University).
Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University).
Probl Endokrinol (Mosk). 2021 Dec 14;67(6):90-97. doi: 10.14341/probl12819.
Nowadays stem cells of adult type are attractive in case of active development of cell and genome technologies. They are the target of new therapeutic approaches, which are based on correction of mutations or replenishment of organs, that were damaged by autoimmune reactions, aging or other pathological processes. Also stem cells, including patient-specific (induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, iPSCs), and obtained by differentiation from them tissue cultures and organoids are the closest models to in vivo researches on humans, which gives an opportunity to get more relevant data while testing different therapeutic approaches and pharmacological drugs. The main molecular pathways, that are essential for homeostasis of a cortex of a adrenal gland - compound, structurally and functionally heterogeneous organ, is described the presented review. The adrenal cortex is renewing during the organism's ontogenesis at the expense of the pool of stem and progenitors cells, which are in tight junctions with differentiated steroidogenic cells and which are under constant control of endocrine and paracrine signals. The understanding of signaling pathways and interactions of different cell types will give an opportunity to develop the most suitable protocols for obtaining cells of adrenal gland cortex in a different stages of differentiation to use them in scientific and medical purposes.
如今，在细胞和基因组技术积极发展的情况下，成体干细胞备受关注。它们是新治疗方法的靶点，这些方法基于纠正突变或补充因自身免疫反应、衰老或其他病理过程而受损的器官。此外，干细胞，包括患者特异性的（诱导多能干细胞，iPSCs），以及通过从它们分化获得的组织培养物和类器官，是最接近人体体内研究的模型，这使得在测试不同治疗方法和药物时能够获得更相关的数据。本综述描述了对肾上腺皮质（一种结构和功能上异质性的复合器官）稳态至关重要的主要分子途径。肾上腺皮质在生物体个体发育过程中通过干细胞和祖细胞池进行更新，这些细胞与分化的类固醇生成细胞紧密相连，并受到内分泌和旁分泌信号的持续控制。对信号通路以及不同细胞类型相互作用的理解将为开发最合适的方案提供机会，以便在不同分化阶段获得肾上腺皮质细胞，用于科学和医学目的。
