Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
J Mater Chem B. 2022 Mar 2;10(9):1328-1342. doi: 10.1039/d1tb02524d.
Radiotherapy (RT) is one of the most common and effective clinical therapies for malignant tumors. However, there are several limitations that undermine the clinical efficacy of cancer RT, including the low X-ray attenuation coefficient of organs, serious damage to normal tissues, and radioresistance in hypoxic tumors. With the rapid development of nanotechnology and nanomedicine, high- nanoradiosensitizers provide novel opportunities to overcome radioresistance and improve the efficacy of RT by deposition of radiation energy through photoelectric effects. To date, several types of nanoradiosensitizers have entered clinical trials. Nevertheless, the limitation of the single treatment mode and the unclear mechanism of nanoparticle radiosensitization have hindered the further development of nanoradiosensitizers. In this review, we systematically describe the interaction mechanisms between X-rays and nanomaterials and summarize recent advances in multifunctional high- nanomaterials for radiotherapeutic-based multimodal synergistic cancer therapy. Finally, the challenges and prospects are discussed to stimulate the development of nanomedicine-based cancer RT.
放射治疗（RT）是治疗恶性肿瘤最常用和最有效的临床疗法之一。然而，有几个限制因素削弱了癌症 RT 的临床疗效，包括器官的 X 射线衰减系数低、正常组织严重损伤以及缺氧肿瘤的放射抗性。随着纳米技术和纳米医学的快速发展，高纳米增敏剂通过光电效应沉积辐射能提供了克服放射抗性和提高 RT 疗效的新机会。迄今为止，已有几种类型的纳米增敏剂进入临床试验。然而，单一治疗模式的局限性和纳米颗粒增敏作用机制的不明确性阻碍了纳米增敏剂的进一步发展。在这篇综述中，我们系统地描述了 X 射线与纳米材料的相互作用机制，并总结了基于多功能高纳米材料的放射治疗为基础的多模式协同癌症治疗的最新进展。最后，讨论了挑战和前景，以激发基于纳米医学的癌症 RT 的发展。
