Liu Jia, Zhao Lin, Sun Yang, Fu Qinrui, Xiao Wenjing
Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.
Institute of Chronic Disease, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
Mater Today Bio. 2025 Aug 9;34:102186. doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.102186. eCollection 2025 Oct.
Radiotherapy is a critical modality in cancer treatment, yet its efficacy can be substantially hindered by the tumor microenvironment. Nanotechnology has empowered nanomaterials to assume multifunctional roles. These roles encompass drug delivery, radiosensitization, imaging, inducing DNA damage, and decreasing glutathione (GSH) levels to impede the neutralization of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus enhancing therapeutic efficacy. Consequently, hybrid materials integrating multiple functional components have garnered significant attention. In recent years, the development of hybrid biomaterials-based radiosensitizers has successfully addressed these challenges and attracted considerable interest. This review systematically summarizes the synthesis methods, composition, and potential applications of hybrid biomaterials-based radiosensitizers in radiotherapy. The synthesis techniques are classified into self-assembly, chemical synthesis, and biomimetic synthesis. Furthermore, we examine various types of inorganic, inorganic-organic, and organic hybrid biomaterials-based radiosensitizers, with an emphasis on their mechanisms of action, including enhancing ionizing radiation effects, alleviating tumor hypoxia, and depleting GSH. Finally, we discuss the future prospects and existing challenges of hybrid biomaterials-based radiosensitizers in cancer therapy, highlighting their potential to markedly improve therapeutic efficacy.
放射疗法是癌症治疗中的一种关键方式，但其疗效会受到肿瘤微环境显著阻碍。纳米技术使纳米材料能够发挥多功能作用。这些作用包括药物递送（drug delivery）、放射增敏（radiosensitization）、成像（imaging）、诱导DNA损伤以及降低谷胱甘肽（GSH）水平以阻止活性氧（ROS）的中和，从而提高治疗效果。因此，整合多种功能成分的杂化材料受到了广泛关注。近年来，基于杂化生物材料的放射增敏剂的开发成功应对了这些挑战，并引起了相当大的兴趣。本综述系统总结了基于杂化生物材料的放射增敏剂在放射治疗中的合成方法、组成和潜在应用。合成技术分为自组装、化学合成和仿生合成。此外，我们研究了各种基于无机、无机-有机和有机杂化生物材料的放射增敏剂，重点关注其作用机制，包括增强电离辐射效应、缓解肿瘤缺氧和消耗GSH。最后，我们讨论了基于杂化生物材料的放射增敏剂在癌症治疗中的未来前景和现有挑战，强调了它们显著提高治疗效果的潜力。
