Rajwar Anjali, Kharbanda Sumit, Chandrasekaran Arun Richard, Gupta Sharad, Bhatia Dhiraj
Biological Engineering Discipline, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujarat 382355, India.
The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States.
ACS Appl Bio Mater. 2020 Nov 16;3(11):7265-7277. doi: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00916. Epub 2020 Oct 26.
DNA nanotechnology is a unique field that provides simple yet robust design techniques for self-assembling nanoarchitectures with extremely high potential for biomedical applications. Though the field began to exploit DNA to build various nanoscale structures, it has now taken a different path, diverging from the creation of complex structures to functional DNA nanodevices that explore various biological systems and mechanisms. Here, we present a brief overview of DNA nanotechnology, summarizing the key strategies for construction of various DNA nanodevices, with special focus on three-dimensional (3D) nanocages or polyhedras. We then discuss biological applications of 3D DNA nanocages, particularly tetrahedral DNA cages, in their ability to program and modulate cellular systems, in biosensing, and as tools for targeted therapeutics. We conclude with a final discussion on challenges and perspectives of 3D DNA nanodevices in biomedical applications.
DNA纳米技术是一个独特的领域，它为自组装纳米结构提供了简单而强大的设计技术，在生物医学应用方面具有极高的潜力。尽管该领域最初开始利用DNA构建各种纳米级结构，但现在它走上了一条不同的道路，从创建复杂结构转向探索各种生物系统和机制的功能性DNA纳米器件。在此，我们简要概述DNA纳米技术，总结构建各种DNA纳米器件的关键策略，特别关注三维（3D）纳米笼或多面体。然后，我们讨论3D DNA纳米笼，特别是四面体DNA笼，在编程和调节细胞系统、生物传感以及作为靶向治疗工具方面的生物应用。最后，我们对3D DNA纳米器件在生物医学应用中的挑战和前景进行了讨论。
