Lee Won-Bum, Wang Caifeng, Lee Jung-Han, Jeong Ki-Jae, Jang Yoon-Seo, Park Jin-Young, Ryu Mi Heon, Kim Uk-Kyu, Lee Jaebeom, Hwang Dae-Seok
Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea.
Research Institute of Materials Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
ACS Appl Bio Mater. 2020 Nov 16;3(11):7762-7768. doi: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00960. Epub 2020 Nov 4.
Whitlockite (WH; CaMg(HPO4)(PO4)) is a calcium phosphate based ceramic that contains magnesium ions. As the second most abundant mineral in living bone, WH occupies 25-35 wt % of the inorganic portion of human bone. Compared to hydroxyapatite (HAp, Ca(PO)(OH)), WH possesses better mechanical properties, faster resorbability, and promotion behavior on the osteogenesis. In this article, we introduced a fabrication method of interconnected porous WH granules through vacuum filtration, followed by sintering treatment based on the thermal stability of WH synthesized using the tri-solvent system. This study presents a histological, radiological, and immunohistochemical evaluation of the bone healing potential of these WH granules in a 5 mm diameter calvarial bone defect in rats. The histological evaluation shows no inflammation or foreign body reaction in the WH group. The WH group displays newly formed bone at the same thickness as the original bone. On the contrary, bone formation is not observed in the nontreated (NT) group. Besides, immunohistochemistry (IHC) confirmed that WH granules promoted bone regeneration with the significantly higher expression of bone morphogenetic proteins-2 (BMP-2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteopontin (OPN), and osteocalcin (OCN) compared to the NT group without the addition of exogenous cells or growth factors. These results suggest that WH has excellent potential for application in bone tissue regeneration.
白磷钙矿（WH；CaMg(HPO4)(PO4)）是一种含镁离子的磷酸钙基陶瓷。作为活骨中第二丰富的矿物质，WH占人体骨骼无机部分的25-35 wt%。与羟基磷灰石（HAp，Ca(PO)(OH)）相比，WH具有更好的机械性能、更快的可吸收性以及对成骨的促进作用。在本文中，我们介绍了一种通过真空过滤制备相互连通的多孔WH颗粒的方法，然后基于使用三溶剂体系合成的WH的热稳定性进行烧结处理。本研究对这些WH颗粒在大鼠直径5 mm的颅骨骨缺损中的骨愈合潜力进行了组织学、放射学和免疫组织化学评估。组织学评估显示WH组无炎症或异物反应。WH组新形成的骨与原始骨厚度相同。相反，未处理（NT）组未观察到骨形成。此外，免疫组织化学（IHC）证实，与未添加外源性细胞或生长因子的NT组相比，WH颗粒通过骨形态发生蛋白-2（BMP-2）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、骨桥蛋白（OPN）和骨钙素（OCN）的显著高表达促进了骨再生。这些结果表明，WH在骨组织再生中具有优异的应用潜力。
